Efficacy of oral vaccine against bacterial coldwater disease in ayu Plecoglossus altivelis

Kondo, Motoki; Kawai, Kenji; Okabe, Masaya; Nakano, Nobuyasu; Oshima, Syun-ichirou

doi:10.3354/dao055261

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Infection of gills, skin, and fins of the fish may lead to high mortality rates, resulting in large economic losses (Cipriano et al 1995, Kondo et al 2003, Nematollahi et al 2003, Hesami et al 2008. F. psychrophilum outbreaks were first described in North America from Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch (Borg 1948); the disease was then also identified in France, Germany, the UK, Finland, Denmark, Norway, and Switzerland as well as in Asian countries such as Japan and Korea, reported in ayu Plecoglossus altivelis (Nematollahi et al 2003, Barnes & Brown 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of Flavobacterium psychrophilum from Swiss fish farms

Strepparava¹,

Nicolas²,

Wahli³

et al. 2013

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Bacterial cold water disease (BCWD) and rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS) caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum are 2 of the major diseases causing high fish mortality in salmonid fish farms. The molecular epidemiology of F. psychrophilum is still largely unknown. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) has been previously used for this pathogen and underscored a correlation between clonal complexes and host fish species. Here we used MLST to study the relationships among 112 F. psychrophilum isolates from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout Salmo trutta fario and S. t. lacustris in Swiss fish farms between 1993 and 2012. The isolates belonged to 27 different sequence types (STs). Most of the Swiss outbreaks were associated with strains belonging to clonal complexes CC-ST2 and CC-ST90, found in both rainbow trout and brown trout and represented by several STs. Eight ST singletons could not be connected to any known clonal complex. Already reported from other parts of Europe and North America, CC-ST2 was the most frequent clonal complex observed, and it caused the majority of outbreaks in Switzerland, with CC-ST90 being the second most important type. In the tightly interconnected Swiss fish farms, no association between clonal complex and host fish was detected, but a temporal evolution of the frequency of some STs was observed. The occurrence of sporadic STs suggests high F. psychrophilum diversity and may reflect the presence of different sequence types in the environment. KEY WORDS: F. psychrophilum · BCWD · RTFS · Myxobacteria · Pathology · Clonal complex · Sequence complex · Allele type · MLST · FlavobacteriosisResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Dis Aquat Org 105: 203-210, 2013 ent methods such as serotyping, ribotyping, and plasmid profiling (Madetoja et al. 2002, Hesami et al. 2008, Kim et al. 2010. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) allows the characterization of bacteria based on the nucleotide sequences of several housekeeping genes. Each fragment represents an allele type (AT), and each combination of alleles allows assigning each isolate to a sequence type (ST). This approach is highly reproducible and standardized, as it depends directly on DNA sequences (Maiden et al. 1998). While MLST has also been used to identify species, for instance in the genera Aeromonas (Martino et al. 2011) and Wolbachia (Baldo et al. 2006), its main use is linked to epidemiological investigations. It has been used to study the epidemiology of selected pathogenic bacterial species such as community and healthcare-associated strains of multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA;Peterson et al. 2012) and animal pathogenic strains of Brachyspira hydysenteriae among farmed and wild pigs in Spain and other countries (Osorio et al. 2012). In aquaculture, this technique has been used to type isolates of the fish pathogen Yersinia ruckeri from different geographical areas, different hosts, and different environments (Bastardo et al. 2012). Nicolas et al. (2008) ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of Flavobacterium psychrophilum from Swiss fish farms

Strepparava¹,

Nicolas²,

Wahli³

et al. 2013

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…To our knowledge, this is the first time that an attenuated strain of F. psychrophilum has been used in vaccination experiments. In previous studies, the vaccines were based on fractions (Rahman et al, 2002;LaFrentz et al, 2004;Dumetz et al, 2006) or inactivated whole cells (Kondo et al, 2003;Madetoja et al, 2006). Although it is difficult to compare results from different vaccination studies due to the heterogeneity of the conditions used (fish species, fish weight and vaccine preparation), FP1033 cells conferred a similar level of protection to fish as other vaccines.…”

Section: Ld 50 Determination and Vaccination Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, several studies testing vaccination with fractions or inactivated whole cells have been done. It has been described that whole formalin-killed cells (Kondo et al, 2003), a Sarkosyl-insoluble membrane fraction (Rahman et al, 2002) and different molecular mass fractions (LaFrentz et al, 2004) of F. psychrophilum confer protection against the disease. A recent study showed that membrane vesicles contained in the stationary-phase culture supernatant had an adjuvant effect (Aoki et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mutant in one of two exbD loci of a TonB system in Flavobacterium psychrophilum shows attenuated virulence and confers protection against cold water disease

Álvarez

Menéndez

et al. 2008

Microbiology

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Flavobacterium psychrophilum is a psychrotrophic fish-pathogenic bacterium that causes cold water disease (CWD) in salmonids. By means of Tn4351 mutagenesis a mutant named FP1033, deficient in growth on iron-depleted medium, was previously isolated. FP1033 recovered the parental phenotype in the presence of iron. The gene disrupted by the transposon in this mutant encoded a protein with similarity to ExbD proteins, which are members of the TonB complex system involved in iron uptake mediated by siderophores. Analysis of the DNA surrounding the transposon insertion showed the presence of a tonB cluster of genes composed of exbB, two exbD (exbD1 and exbD2) and tonB loci. RT-PCR analysis and complementation studies indicated that these genes are transcribed as an operon and that the exbD2 : : Tn4351 phenotype was caused by the lack of ExbD2. FP1033 showed decreased virulence and conferred a high level of protection in rainbow trout fry after vaccination. This is believed to be the first report of a F. psychrophilum attenuated strain that induces a protective immune response in rainbow trout against CWD. These results suggest that the exbD2 locus from this particular TonB system is a suitable target to generate a live attenuated vaccine.

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“…It has been reported that intraperitoneal injections of formalin killed bacterin combined with oil or water-soluble adju vants were effective in ayu under laboratory conditions (Rahman et al, 2000(Rahman et al, , 2003, and a vaccine with water soluble adjuvant was effective against spontaneously occurring BCWD in field trials (Nagai et al, 2003). The efficacy of oral vaccination with formalin-killed bacterin has been also reported (Kondo et al, 2003). However, commercial vaccine for prevention of BCWD in ayu is not available currently.…”

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confidence: 99%