Efficacy of oral BCG vaccination in protecting free-ranging cattle from natural infection by Mycobacterium bovis

Nugent, Graham; Yockney, Ivor; Whitford, Jackie; Aldwell, Frank E.; Buddle, Bryce M.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.07.029

Cited by 21 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…A large field trial was undertaken in New Zealand to evaluate the efficacy of BCG vaccine administered orally ( 53 ). Free-ranging, vaccinated and non-vaccinated cattle were stocked at low densities and were naturally exposed to M. bovis for periods of 1–4 years from tuberculin reactor cattle (reactor herd prevalence of 5–10%) and a wildlife reservoir of infection (brushtail possums).…”

Section: Vaccination Of Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy and Safety of BCG Vaccine for Control of Tuberculosis in Domestic Livestock and Wildlife

et al. 2018

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Bovine tuberculosis (TB) continues to be an intractable problem in many countries, particularly where “test and slaughter” policies cannot be implemented or where wildlife reservoirs of Mycobacterium bovis infection serve as a recurrent source of infection for domestic livestock. Alternative control measures are urgently required and vaccination is a promising option. Although the M. bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has been used in humans for nearly a century, its use in animals has been limited, principally as protection against TB has been incomplete and vaccination may result in animals reacting in the tuberculin skin test. Valuable insights have been gained over the past 25 years to optimise protection induced by BCG vaccine in animals and in the development of tests to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). This review examines factors affecting the efficacy of BCG vaccine in cattle, recent field trials, use of DIVA tests and the effectiveness of BCG vaccine in other domestic livestock as well as in wildlife. Oral delivery of BCG vaccine to wildlife reservoirs of infection such as European badgers, brushtail possums, wild boar, and deer has been shown to induce protection against TB and could prove to be a practical means to vaccinate these species at scale. Testing of BCG vaccine in a wide range of animal species has indicated that it is safe and vaccination has the potential to be a valuable tool to assist in the control of TB in both domestic livestock and wildlife.

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Section: Vaccination Of Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, an exception was in the field trial when there was a very high exposure to M. bovis ( 52 ). With the longer exposure periods, there appeared to be a waning of immunity after 2 years ( 53 ).…”

Section: Vaccination Of Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Safety of BCG Vaccine for Control of Tuberculosis in Domestic Livestock and Wildlife

et al. 2018

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“…Nowadays, the use of BCG vaccination against M. bovis in cattle is not permitted by European Union legislation because BCG can induce a cellular immune response producing diagnostic interference in the eradication programs based on tuberculin single (SIT) and comparative (SCITT) intradermal tests imposed worldwide [7]. To date, due to the failure in eradicating bovine TB after decades since eradication programs began in Europe in the 80s of the last century, the medical-veterinary community is rethinking whether a vaccination strategy used with scientific rigor should be a tool for the fight against TB [8][9][10]. The main issue is the lack of availability of diagnostic tests to differentiate vaccinated from infected animals, namely DIVA tests [11].…”

Section: History and Evolution Of Tuberculosis Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Challenges in Animal Tuberculosis Vaccination

et al. 2020

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Vaccination with Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) constituted a major advance in the prevention of human tuberculosis (TB) in the beginning of the past century. BCG has also a clear potential for use in animals and, in particular, in the main domestic species subjected to TB control programs, cattle. Nowadays, the use of BCG vaccination against TB in cattle is not permitted by European Union legislation because BCG can induce a cellular immune response producing diagnostic interference in the eradication programs based on tuberculin single and comparative intradermal tests imposed worldwide. In this review, we recall the history of TB vaccination as well as different vaccine trials and the response to vaccination in both domestic and wild animals. Promising potential inactivated vaccines are also reviewed. Research studies are mainly focused to improve vaccine efficacy, and at the same time to ensure its easy administration, safety and stability in the environment. Great challenges remain, particularly in terms of vaccine candidates and also in the acceptance of vaccination. Vaccination should be included in a strategic plan for integrated control of TB under a “one health” perspective, which also includes other measures such as improved biosafety on farms to avoid or decrease contact between domestic and wild animals or control of wildlife reservoirs to avoid overabundance that may favor infection maintenance.

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“…Therefore, induction of mucosal immunity could be beneficial and oral vaccination with BCG might be advantageous. Preliminary research into the use of oral BCG to protect cattle against bTB has been encouraging,(Buddle, Vordermeier, Chambers, & de Klerk‐Lorist, ; Nugent, Yockney, Whitford, Aldwell, & Buddle, ) as has been its application in wildlife reservoirs, such as possums in New Zealand (Tompkins et al., ) and badgers in Ireland (Gormley, Ní Bhuachalla, O'Keeffe, Murphy, & Aldwell, ). This experience, as well as the effective administration of rabies vaccine using bait, suggests that oral administration of BCG vaccine might be the most cost‐effective means of vaccinating wildlife (Pastoret & Brochier, ).…”

Section: Efficacy Of Oral Bcgmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highest level of efficacy was achieved when calves were vaccinated at <1 month of age, followed by a revaccination boost at 12–24 months to prevent waning immunity (Parlane et al., ). Although assessment of BCG as an effective bTB control strategy is challenging (Conlan, Vordermeier, de Jong, & Wood, ), field studies in Ethiopia, Mexico and New Zealand have established that BCG vaccination offers a significant level of protection against natural M. bovis infection (Ameni, Vordermeier, Aseffa, Young, & Hewinson, ; Lopez‐Valencia et al., ; Nugent, Yockney, Cross, & Buddle, ; Nugent et al., ).…”

Section: Bcg Vaccination Of Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

BCG vaccination for bovine tuberculosis; conclusions from the Jerusalem One Health workshop

Marais

Buddle

Klerk‐Lorist

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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The global burden of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) remains poorly characterized, with spill‐over impacts on multiple species. The “One Health” concept is especially relevant given the bidirectional risk of cattle infecting humans with Mycobacterium bovis and humans infecting cattle with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. “Test and cull” is the traditional bTB control method, but the strategy may not be economically feasible or culturally acceptable where cattle are highly prized or their killing is a religious taboo; it is also less effective when there are wildlife reservoirs of infection. Vaccination with M. bovis bacille Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) provides protection against bTB, but its use in animals has been limited. The Jerusalem One Health workshop considered key bTB knowledge gaps and innovative solutions. Knowledge gaps identified included (a) the poorly quantified prevalence of M. bovis infection and disease in cattle, domestic camelids and human populations in developing countries, (b) the absence of alternatives to a “test and cull” strategy in settings where the killing of infected animals is culturally or economically unacceptable, or where affected species are protected and (c) an understanding of the induction of mucosal immunity against bTB. We summarize discussions on the use of BCG vaccination in domestic animals and wildlife and list potential projects to address the knowledge gaps identified.

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Efficacy of oral BCG vaccination in protecting free-ranging cattle from natural infection by Mycobacterium bovis

Cited by 21 publications

References 39 publications

Efficacy and Safety of BCG Vaccine for Control of Tuberculosis in Domestic Livestock and Wildlife

Efficacy and Safety of BCG Vaccine for Control of Tuberculosis in Domestic Livestock and Wildlife

Development and Challenges in Animal Tuberculosis Vaccination

BCG vaccination for bovine tuberculosis; conclusions from the Jerusalem One Health workshop

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