Efficacy of Novel Antidepressant Drugs in Comparison to Conventional Antidepressant Drugs

2017

J Cytol Histol

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Three cases with different forms of major depression and different pharmacological antidepressant treatments are presented. In the first case report, citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, improved transient depressive symptoms in a professionally busy man who recovers from the depressive symptoms and solves the social problems in his team. In the second case report showing a severe form of major depression and a suicide attempt, the tricyclic antidepressant drug doxepin failed to improve depressive symptoms. The selective serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine partly improved depressive symptoms. Lithium carbonate, a prophylactic drug, which shows antidepressant and antimanic effects, treated depressive symptoms successfully. The cardiac and renal adverse effects were controlled. In the third case report, citalopram was used to treat the chronic form of major depression; however the adverse effects such as sedating and drive-reducing effects and the weight gain were disturbing for the patient. The administration of the selective dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor bupropion ameliorated depressive symptoms and sleepiness, however caused hypertension and insomnia. Due to this changed medication, the patient succeeded in coping with a stressful life event, an anti-cancer therapy.

Section: Selective Dopamine and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors (Dnmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine occurs in the brainstem and hippocampus [1]. Three case reports of major depression are presented showing different degrees of depressive symptoms and pharmacotherapy [2]. Thus, a transient moderate form of major depression was treated by the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Cases of Major Depression: Different Pharmacological Antidepressant Options

Werner¹,

2017

J Cytol Histol

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“…the loss of energy, interest and pleasure. Frequent adverse effects are hypertension, insomnia, constipation, however no sexual dysfunction has been reported [30].An overview of the therapeutic and adverse effects of the different approved antidepressant drugs is given in Table 1 [31,32].…”

Section: Selective Noradrenaline and Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor (Sdnri)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Additional Antidepressant Pharmacotherapies According to a Neural Network

Werner¹,

2016

Brain Disord Ther

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Major depression, a frequent psychiatric disease, is associated with neurotransmitter alterations in the midbrain, hypothalamus and hippocampus. Deficiency of postsynaptic excitatory neurotransmitters such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin and a surplus of presynaptic inhibitory neurotransmitters such as GABA and glutamate (mainly a postsynaptic excitatory and partly a presynaptic inhibitory neurotransmitter), can be found in the involved brain regions. However, neuropeptide alterations (galanin, neuropeptide Y, substance P) also play an important role in its pathogenesis. A neural network is described, including the alterations of neuroactive substances at specific subreceptors. Currently, major depression is treated with monoamine reuptake inhibitors. An additional therapeutic option could be the administration of antagonists of presynaptic inhibitory neurotransmitters or the administration of agonists/antagonists of neuropeptides.

“…The noradrenaline and dopamine reuptake inhibitor, bupropion, which is used to treat the "decreased positive effect", i.e. loss of energy, interest and pleasure in major depression, and that shows a good therapeutic effect [11], cannot be administered in depressive symptoms in bipolar disorder, because the activation of the dopaminergic neurotransmission can induce dopamine hyperactivity and hence hypomanic symptoms [10].…”

Section: Dopaminementioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Bipolar Disorder according to a Neural Network

Werner¹,

2015

J Cytol Histol

Here, we describe the alterations of excitatory neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline, acetylcholine), glutamate and GABA (a presynaptic inhibitory neurotransmitter) in the brain areas (brainstem, hypothalamus, hippocampus) involved in bipolar disorder. The coherence between the pituitary hypothalamicadrenocortical axis and the existing neurotransmitter alterations is pointed out. Neural networks are described in the concerned brain areas, including the neurotransmitters and the depending subreceptors, on which the prophylactic drugs exert their effects. A survey of the commonly used prophylactic drugs is also given.