Efficacy of N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea Mutation on Physicochemical Properties, Phytochemicals, and Momilactones A and B in Rice

Abstract

Attempts regarding the improvement and development of novel rice with better quality and higher productivity have been increasing. Among approaches, mutation is a direct alteration on the genome and considered as one of the most beneficial routes to acquire new beneficial traits in rice. An experiment was carried out to explore the effects of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) mutation on the antioxidant activities, phytochemical compounds, and momilactones A (MA) and B (MB) in rice. Two rice cultivars, K1 (an original cultivar DT84) and K2 (mutated DT84), were examined. Antioxidant activities, phenolic compounds, and momilactones of the rice grain, husk, and straw portions were measured and quantified. Antioxidant activities were higher in grain and straw of K2, whereas K1 showed greater antioxidant activity in rice husk. Additionally, K2 displayed higher total phenolic contents (TPC) in grain and straw as well as lower of it in the husk, but these variations significantly differed only in the straw portion. An increase in total flavonoid contents (TFC) was observed in the husk of K1, while K2 significantly enhanced TFC in straw. Both MA and MB, two compounds obtaining antidiabetes, anticancer, antimicrobial, antigout, and antiobesity properties, were detected and quantified in grain, husk, and straw of K1 and K2 samples. Generally, the contents of MA were higher than MB in all tested portions of rice crop. MA and MB were higher in straw followed by those in husk and grain, respectively. K2 contained higher amounts of MA and MB in straw and husk, but lower contents in grain compared with those in K1. This study illustrates that MNU mutation can improve grain quality and enhance bioactive compounds in straw, husk, and grain of rice. This approach has the potential to develop functional foods from rice, and therefore help farmers in developing countries to improve value in rice production.

Efficacy of Irrigation Interval after Anthesis on Grain Quality, Alkali Digestion, and Gel Consistency of Rice

“…Rice grain is counted as a vital food source for its valuable pharmaceutical properties and beneficial health values [23]. It is cultivated widely in the world, and its quality is affected by water stress deficit.…”

Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria as a Natural Resource for Sustainable Rice Production under the Soil Salinity, Wastewater, and Heavy Metal Stress

“…Mutation Physicochemical [3] PGPR; Novosphingobium Optimize rice cultivation [31] Bioindicator Wastewater irrigation [43,44,46,47] Indicators Sustainable rice cultivation [2] Plant microbiome and Herbaspirillum seropedicae and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens…”

“…As a consequence of the continuous population growth worldwide along with the shortage of food sustainability [1], it is necessary to create an alternative agricultural productivity systems [2,3]. One of the sustainable alternative strategies is the utilization of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) in agricultural practices [4].…”

Measurements of Antibacterial Activity of Seed Crude Extracts in Cultivated Rice and Wild Oryza Species

“…In fact, momilactones have been reported to exhibit antibacterial activity against E. coli at 400 μg/disc in the disk diffusion assay (Fukuta et al 2007 ). However, the amount of momilactones contained in rice husk is extremely small, on the order of ng per hull, and is far less than the concentration that shows a growth inhibitory effect against E. coli (Quan et al 2019a , 2019b ; Kakar et al 2019 ). This suggests that compounds other than momilactones are involved in the antibacterial activity of the seeds.…”