Efficacy of metformin combined with liraglutide on the glucose and lipid metabolism, vascular endothelial function, and oxidative stress of patients with T2DM and metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Objective: This study evaluates the impact of metformin combined with liraglutide on the glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and vascular endothelium of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome.
 Methods: Medical records of 78 patients with T2DM and metabolic syndrome, admitted to Caoxian People’s Hospital from July 2021 to July 2022, were retrospectively analysed. Thirty five patients were treated with metformin (control group), and 43 patients were treated with metformin combined with liraglutide (observation group). Indexes of glucose and lipid metabolism, function of vascular endothelium and the oxidative stress of both groups were compared before and after the treatment.
 Results: There was a significant decrease in the levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and waist circumference in both groups three months after the treatment, These indexes were significantly lower in the observation group compared to the control group (P<0.05). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were higher in the observation group (P<0.05). There was a significant improvement in the levels of nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) after the treatment, and these indexes were markedly better in the observation group compared to the control group (P<0.05).
 Conclusions: Metformin combined with liraglutide treatment is associated with better outcomes than metformin alone in patients with T2DM and metabolic syndrome. Combined treatment results in improved glucose and lipid metabolism, vascular endothelial function, and oxidative stress index values.
 doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7936
 How to cite this: Liu Z. Efficacy of metformin combined with liraglutide on the glucose and lipid metabolism, vascular endothelial function, and oxidative stress of patients with T2DM and metabolic syndrome. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(6):26-30. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7936
 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Recent Advances in the Therapeutic Potential of Carotenoids in Preventing and Managing Metabolic Disorders

“…Against diabetes, frequently administrated drugs include metformin, insulin, sulfonylureas such as glyburide [ 46 ], glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists like liraglutide [ 47 ], and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors such as dapagliflozin [ 48 ]. In the case of anti-obesity drugs, common agents include lipase inhibitors such as orlistat [ 49 ], sympathomimetic appetite suppressants like phentermine [ 50 ], GLP-1 receptor agonists such as semaglutide [ 51 ], and serotonin receptor agonists like lorcaserin [ 52 ].…”