Efficacy of larvicidal botanical extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract

The present study explored the effects of crude leaf acetone, chloroform, hot water, methanol, petroleum ether (60-80 degrees C), and water extracts of Calotropis procera (Ait) R. Br., Canna indica L., Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn., Ipomoea carnea Jacq. spp. fistulosa Choisy, and Sarcostemma brevistigma Wight that were selected for investigating larvicidal potential against second and fourth instar larvae of the laboratory-reared mosquito species, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, in which the major lymphatic filariasis was used. All plant extracts showed moderate larvicidal effects after 24 h of exposure at 1,000 ppm; however, the highest larval mortality was found in leaf acetone, chloroform, methanol, and petroleum ether of C. indica (LC(50) = 29.62, 59.18, 40.77, and 44.38 ppm; LC(90) = 148.55, 267.87, 165.00, and 171.91 ppm) against second instar larvae (LC(50) = 121.88, 118.25, 69.76, and 56.31 ppm; LC(90) = 624.35, 573.93, 304.27, and 248.24 ppm) and against fourth instar larvae and acetone, hot water, methanol, and petroleum ether extracts of I. carnea (LC(50) = 61.17, 41.07, 41.82, and 39.32 ppm; LC(90) = 252.91, 142.67, 423.76, and 176.39 ppm) against second instar larvae (LC(50) = 145.37, 58.00, 163.81, and 41.75 ppm; LC(90) = 573.30, 181.10, 627.38, and 162.63 ppm) and against fourth instar larvae of C. quinquefasciatus, respectively. These results suggest that the acetone, methanol extracts of C. indica and hot water, petroleum ether extracts of I. carnea have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of the major lymphatic filariasis vector, C. quinquefasciatus.

Ovicidal and repellent activities of botanical extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae)

“…The highest larval mortality was found in leaf acetone and methanol of Canna indica (LC 50 = 29 38 and 162.63 ppm) and against fourth instar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus, respectively [44] . This study reveals that the E. coronaria and C. pulcherrima has remarkable ovicidal and repellent properties against Cx.…”

Antimosquito activity of aqueous kernel extract of soapnut Sapindus emarginatus: impact on various developmental stages of three vector mosquito species and nontarget aquatic insects

“…Over 340 plants were already screened for their antimosquito properties (Sukumar et al 1991;Shaalan et al 2005). Conventionally, the active ingredients of the plants were extracted mainly with organic solvents but less frequently attempted with aqueous media (Sagar and Sehgal 1996;Sivagnaname and Kalyanasundaram 2004;Park et al 2005;Shaalan et al 2005;Chowdhury et al 2008;Ghosh et al 2008;Rahuman et al 2009). However, the method of extract preparation with organic solvents as well as the use of organic solvent extracts is relatively difficult for routine applications at community level.…”

Phytochemical composition, mosquito larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activity of <i>Calotropis procera </i> against <i>Culex tritaeniorhynchus</i> and <i>Culex gelidus</i>

“…Different solvent extracts of C. procera were reported to exhibit moderate larvicidal activity against second and fourth instars larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus (Rahuman et al, 2009). Aqueous extract of C. procera leaves exhibited larvicidal (2, 3, 4 instar larva), adult emergence inhibition and oviposition deterrent activity A. arabiensis and Cx.…”