EFFICACY OF JOJOBA OIL AGAINST TWO STORED LEGUME SEED INSECT PESTS Callosobruchus Maculatus (F.) AND C. Chinensis (L.)

Abstract

Adults of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and C. chinensis (L.) were exposed to broad been seeds treated with four different concentrations of jojoba oil (70 % EC) 875, 1750, 3500, 7000 ppm and untreated control to evaluate the effectiveness of jojoba oil as a protectant. A negative correlations were observed between the jojoba oil concentration and all evaluated biological parameters, fecundity, egg viability, developmental period of the immature stages, adult emergence, broad bean seeds viability and seeds weight loss percentage for both tested insects C. maculatus and C. chinensis. The obtained results cleared that C. chinensis was more susceptible to jojoba oil than C. maculatus and there is a significant difference between the two tested insects in all tested biological aspects regardless to the concentration (for the fecundity 168.33 and 190 eggs/female, hatchability percentage 60.33 and 69.5 %, developmental period 26.3 and 28.3 days, and 36.33 and 45.33 F1 emerged adults and weight loss percentage 6.02 and 7.56%, respectively. The highest concentration 7000 ppm gave a complete protection of seeds with zero weight loss percent for both tested insects. The mean percentage of weight loss in untreated seeds was 40.61, 49.20%, for C. maculatus and C. chinensis respectively, while, weight loss% reduced to more than the half averaged 7.56 and 6.02% for treated seeds. The residual effect of jojoba oil treatments was clearly effective in the first month of storage period which gave a 100% protection of treated bean seeds with 0.0 F1 emerged adults in both tested insects (100% mortality of developmental stages). After six months of storage period, residual effect of jojoba oil reduced by the storage period prolongation, While, jojoba oil still could protect the broad bean seeds against C. maculatus and C. chinensis attacks although the efficacy of jojoba oil decreased with aging 79.92 and 61.86% reduction of F1 adult emergence compared to untreated control. Slight harmful effect of jojoba oil application on the viability of broad bean seeds, so reduction of germination was most appeared at, the highest concentration7000 ppm particularly at the end of storage period averaged 28.22%.

Evaluating Effectiveness of Some Inert Dusts and Chemical Pesticides in Tribolium castaneum Coleoptera: Tenebrindae Under Laboratory Conditions

“…In the experiments of this paper, inert dusts of kaolins, silica, zeolite, and chemical pesticides were used to combat T. castaneum with the aim of rationalizing the use of chemical pesticides and searching for safe alternatives in pest control due to the increased residual effect of chemical pesticides in the environmental environment, where in many cases they reach very dangerous levels. In addition to the various harms these compounds cause to warm-blooded animals, and most importantly, pests develop strains resistant to these pesticides [25][26][27][28][29] to evaluate the efficiency and to know the difference. Among chemical pesticides and dusts, the use of natural amendments and organic fertilizers improves the physical and chemical properties and fertility of the surface layer of the soil, and thus provides a good environment for plant growth in terms of increased moisture content and abundant nutrients.…”