Efficacy of Intrathecal Morphine for Analgesia Following Elective Cesarean Section: comparison with Previous Delivery

Abstract

The addition of morphine 0.2 mg to hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% by intrathecal injection reduced postoperative pain and analgesic use, and increased patient satisfaction following cesarean section. The combination of intrathecal injection of morphine and preventive NSAIDs can be easily administered in most hospitals, and is substantially less expensive than the new pain management technologies currently in use.

Analgesic requirements and postoperative recovery after scheduled compared to unplanned cesarean delivery: a retrospective chart review

“…[7][8][9] Few studies record analgesia and side effects beyond 48-72 h. One study followed patients for longer than 72 h post-cesarean but this study was limited to a specific medication profile rather than the generalized postoperative pain experienced and analgesic consumption. 10 The aim of this retrospective chart review was to document pain and analgesic consumption for up to five days post-cesarean to observe analgesic requirement during the hospital stay.…”

Comparison of Efficacy of Butorphanol and Fentanyl as Intrathecal Adjuvant to Bupivacaine

“…16 Intrathecal opioids used as adjuncts are capable of producing analgesia of prolonged duration but allow early ambulation of patients because of their sympathetic and motor nerve sparing activities.…”

Effectiveness of Intrathecal Morphine for Analgesia following Elective Caesarean Section

“…From the study of Terajima et al, 8 we used the standard deviations of pain at rest during 24 hours to detect the difference of 18 units in average pain score between two groups, with 80% power and at 5% level of significance. The minimum sample size calculated was 24 in each group.…”

“…7 Multi classes of analgesic administration simultaneously to the same patient produces competitive, additive or synergistic effects resulting into powerful analgesic effects and also decreases side effects due to the use of minimal doses in such scenario. 8 SAB induced prior to surgical incision attenuates peripheral and central sensitization.…”

“…Small dose of intrathecal morphine if used along with other analgesia provide adequate pain relief after caesarean delivery without respiratory depression or compromising mothers ability in caring her new born baby. 8 Early mobilization also decreases complications such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). 17 Pruritus and nausea are common and troublesome side effects of neuraxial opioid administration after caesarean section.…”