Efficacy of immunotherapy in obese patients with cancer

Mojibi, Yasaman; Seif, Farhad; Mojibi, Nastaran; Aghamajidi, Azin; Mohsenzadegan, Monireh; Torang, Hamzeh-Ali

doi:10.1080/08923973.2022.2061989

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Although two-thirds of our patients were obese or overweight, elevated BMI was previously associated with improved outcomes in immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment [49,50]. Patients exhibited a diet that moderately adhered to MD, although with a mild pro-inflammatory effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Analysis of the Gut Microbiome and Dietary Habits in Metastatic Melanoma Patients with a Complete and Sustained Response to Immunotherapy

Golčić

Simetić

Herceg

et al. 2023

Cancers

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Immunotherapy has improved the prognosis of metastatic melanoma patients, although most patients do not achieve a complete response. While specific gut microbiome and dietary habits might influence treatment success, there is a lack of concordance between the studies, potentially due to dichotomizing patients only into responders and non-responders. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether metastatic melanoma patients with complete and sustained response to immunotherapy exhibit differences in gut microbiome composition among themselves, and whether those differences were associated with specific dietary habits. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing revealed that patients who exhibited a complete response after more than 9 months of treatment (late responders) exhibited a significantly higher beta-diversity (p = 0.02), with a higher abundance of Coprococcus comes (LDA 3.548, p = 0.010), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (LDA 3.392, p = 0.024), and lower abundance of Prevotellaceae (p = 0.04) compared to early responders. Furthermore, late responders exhibited a different diet profile, with a significantly lower intake of proteins and sweets and a higher intake of flavones (p < 0.05). The research showed that metastatic melanoma patients with a complete and sustained response to immunotherapy were a heterogeneous group. Patients with a late complete response exhibited microbiome and dietary habits which were previously associated with an improved response to immunotherapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Analysis of the Gut Microbiome and Dietary Habits in Metastatic Melanoma Patients with a Complete and Sustained Response to Immunotherapy

Golčić

Simetić

Herceg

et al. 2023

Cancers

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“…For example, in terms of the proposition of the “obesity paradox”, the study in the literature [ 55 ] found that cancer patients with elevated subcutaneous fat index (SFI), high body mass index (BMI) and low intramuscular fat index (IFI) had higher survival advantages than ordinary people after receiving immunotherapy. The literature of [ 56 ] also has similar research results; the authors’ studies highlighted that elevated BMI was associated with improved outcomes in cases treated by immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), which is called the objective paradox.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Hot Spots and Trends in the Relationship between Cancer and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Knowledge Graph Analysis

Gao

Yang

Xue

et al. 2023

Life

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Cancer is one of the most difficult medical problems in today’s world. There are many factors that induce cancer in humans, and obesity has become an important factor in inducing cancer. This study systematically and quantitatively describes the development trend, current situation and research hotspot of the relationship between cancer and obesity by using document statistics and knowledge graph visualization technology. Through the visualization technology analysis of knowledge graph in this study, the research hotspot and knowledge base source of the relationship between cancer and obesity in the last 20 years have been ascertained. Obesity-related factors, such as immunity, insulin, adiponectin, adipocytokines, nonalcoholic fatty liver and inflammatory reaction, may affect the occurrence of obesity and increase the risk of cancer. Obesity-related cancers include respiratory cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular cancer, prostate cancer, gastric cancer, etc. Our research provides direction and basis for future research in this field, as well as technical and knowledge basis support for experts and researchers in related medical fields.

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“…Recently, the underlying mechanisms behind the positive association between obesity and immunotherapy have been explored. Adipose tissue, as an endocrine organ, influences the homeostasis of the immune system by releasing pro-inflammatory hormones such as leptin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6( 46 ). A high level of leptin in obese patients may result in increased expression of PD-1 and dysfunction of CD8 + T cells, which leads to a more pronounced response to immunotherapy ( 43 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic value of obesity in patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: An updated meta‑analysis and systematic review

Guo,

Lin,

Feng

et al. 2023

Mol Clin Oncol

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Accumulating interest has been surging over the past few years regarding the effects of obesity on immunotherapy. In addition to the body mass index (BMI), imaging-quantified body fat compartments have been investigated. The present study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the BMI and computed tomography (CT)-based body fat in patients with cancer receiving immunotherapy. For this purpose, the PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched from January 2017 to July 2022. Clinical studies evaluating the association between BMI or body fat and survival of patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were included. In total, 15 studies reporting on the BMI were included in the meta-analysis and 16 studies evaluating body fat were included in the systematic review. According to the classification of the World Health Organization, overweight and obese patients with ICI treatment showed improved overall survival [overweight vs. normal: Hazard ratio (HR)=0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.64-0.98, P=0.03; obese vs. normal: HR=0.75, 95% CI=0.60-0.94, P=0.013] and progression-free survival (overweight vs. normal: HR=0.82, 95% CI=0.70-0.97, P=0.02; obese vs. normal: HR=0.81, 95% CI=0.65-1.02, P=0.07). Among the articles investigating the effect of body fat composition on the efficacy of immunotherapy, a number of studies included various CT analysis techniques and cutoffs to define body fat composition. Associations of body fat with survival were contradictory in different patients with cancer treated with immunotherapy. Obesity was associated with better survival in patients with cancer treated with ICIs. Further analyses are required to demonstrate the prognostic value of body fat in patients with cancer immunotherapy.

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Efficacy of immunotherapy in obese patients with cancer

Cited by 7 publications

References 65 publications

Analysis of the Gut Microbiome and Dietary Habits in Metastatic Melanoma Patients with a Complete and Sustained Response to Immunotherapy

Analysis of the Gut Microbiome and Dietary Habits in Metastatic Melanoma Patients with a Complete and Sustained Response to Immunotherapy

Hot Spots and Trends in the Relationship between Cancer and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Knowledge Graph Analysis

Prognostic value of obesity in patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: An updated meta‑analysis and systematic review

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