Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in different types of melanoma

Rossi, Ernesto; Schinzari, Giovanni; Maiorano, Brigida Anna; Indellicati, Giulia; Stefani, Alessandro; Pagliara, Monica Maria; Fragomeni, Simona Maria; Luca, Emilia; Sammarco, Maria Grazia; Garganese, Giorgia; Galli, Jacopo; Blasi, Maria Antonietta; Paludetti, Gaetano; Scambia, Giovanni; Peris, Ketty

doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1771986

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 92 publications

(131 reference statements)

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“…The four melanoma subtypes show distinct tumor mutational burdens, mutational profiles, PD-L1 expression, and microenvironments that impact the differential responses to immune checkpoint blockade therapies [81,188,429,430]. These subtypes can be divided into cutaneous melanoma; CSID and non-CSID with a higher mutational burden, as compared to non-cutaneous melanoma that include acral, mucosal, and uveal melanoma.…”

Section: Patient Characteristics That Can Improve Response Rates To Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These subtypes can be divided into cutaneous melanoma; CSID and non-CSID with a higher mutational burden, as compared to non-cutaneous melanoma that include acral, mucosal, and uveal melanoma. In general, cutaneous melanoma shows better response rates to immune checkpoint blockade therapies than non-cutaneous melanoma (Figures 4 and 5) [81,188,429,430]. Multiple factors contribute to the variance in responses to immune checkpoint blockade therapies, profiling neoepitopes and anergic/exhausted T-cells across various melanoma subtypes provide additional clues to this very complicated puzzle ( Figure 5).…”

Section: Patient Characteristics That Can Improve Response Rates To Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These therapies subtly differ from each other, but their main goal is to enhance the cytotoxicity of cytotoxic T-cells, and other immune cells ex vivo, followed by infusion back into patients, to induce tumor regression [431,432]. In this sub-section, we discuss the different types of adoptive cell therapies for the treatment of melanoma, followed by identification of the characteristics of the patient and markers that renders a melanoma sensitive to this therapy rates to immune checkpoint blockade therapies than non-cutaneous melanoma ( Figures 4A and 5) [81,188,429,430]. Multiple factors contribute to the variance in responses to immune checkpoint blockade therapies, profiling neoepitopes and anergic/exhausted T-cells across various melanoma subtypes provide additional clues to this very complicated puzzle ( Figure 5).…”

Section: Adoptive T Cell Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overcoming Immune Evasion in Melanoma

Eddy

Chen

2020

IJMS

124

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Melanoma is the most aggressive and dangerous form of skin cancer that develops from transformed melanocytes. It is crucial to identify melanoma at its early stages, in situ, as it is “curable” at this stage. However, after metastasis, it is difficult to treat and the five-year survival is only 25%. In recent years, a better understanding of the etiology of melanoma and its progression has made it possible for the development of targeted therapeutics, such as vemurafenib and immunotherapies, to treat advanced melanomas. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms that mediate melanoma development and progression, with a special focus on the immune evasion strategies utilized by melanomas, to evade host immune surveillances. The proposed mechanism of action and the roles of immunotherapeutic agents, ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab, adoptive T- cell therapy plus T-VEC in the treatment of advanced melanoma are discussed. In this review, we implore that a better understanding of the steps that mediate melanoma onset and progression, immune evasion strategies exploited by these tumor cells, and the identification of biomarkers to predict treatment response are critical in the design of improved strategies to improve clinical outcomes for patients with this deadly disease.

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Section: Patient Characteristics That Can Improve Response Rates To Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Patient Characteristics That Can Improve Response Rates To Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adoptive T Cell Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overcoming Immune Evasion in Melanoma

Eddy

Chen

2020

IJMS

124

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“…Based on the effectiveness in cutaneous melanoma, immune checkpoint inhibitors are widely used also for UM [105]. Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA4-antibodies) in pretreated patients showed an OS of 6 months, with 1-year survival rate of 31% [106].…”

Section: Therapy Of Um Metastasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uveal Melanoma Metastasis

Rossi

Croce

Reggiani

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Uveal melanoma (UM) is characterized by relatively few, highly incident molecular alterations and their association with metastatic risk is deeply understood. Nevertheless, this knowledge has so far not led to innovate therapies for the successful treatment of UM metastases or for adjuvant therapy, leaving survival after diagnosis of metastatic UM almost unaltered in decades. The driver mutations of UM, mainly in the G-protein genes GNAQ and GNA11, activate the MAP-kinase pathway as well as the YAP/TAZ pathway. At present, there are no drugs that target the latter and this likely explains the failure of MEK-inhibitors. Immune checkpoint blockers, despite the game changing effect in cutaneous melanoma (CM) show only marginal effects in UM probably because of the low mutational burden of 0.5 per megabase and the unavailability of antibodies targeting the main immune checkpoint active in UM. The highly pro-tumorigenic microenvironment of UM also contributes to therapy resistance. However, T-cell redirection by a soluble T cell receptor that is fused to an anti-CD3 single-chain variable fragment, local, liver specific therapy, new immune checkpoint blockers and YAP/TAZ specific drugs give new hope to repeat the success of innovative therapy obtained for CM.

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“…Melanoma aptinkama ne tik odoje. Atvejų pasitaiko akyse, burnos gleivinėje, tiesiojoje žarnoje, po nagais ar kituose organuose [9]. Nors odos melanoma sudaro mažiau nei 5 proc.…”

Section: įVadasunclassified

Melanoma Sergančių Pacientų Ligos Ir Gyvensenos Kontrolė

Nebilevičiūtė¹,

Kielė²,

Kutkauskienė³

2021

Health Sciences

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Per pastaruosius tris dešimtmečius melanomos paplitimas pasaulyje padidėjo daugiau nei dvigubai. Melanoma sudaro mažiau nei 5 proc. visų odos vėžio atvejų, tačiau mirtingumas nuo jos siekia daugiau kaip 70 proc. Tarp odos navikų [2]. Ankstyvas diagnozavimas ir efektyvus ligos valdymas, rūpinimasis pacientais, jų mokymas ir įgalinimas – tai vieni pagrindinių melanomos terapijos aspektų, už kuriuos atsakingi slaugytojai [3,4]. Onkologijos slaugytojas vaidina svarbų vaidmenį mokant, įgalinant pacientus ir jų artimuosius odos vėžio valdymo bei prevencijos tema, gali dirbti pacientų ir jų artimųjų mentoriumi, skatinti dalyvavimą odos vėžio prevencijos tyrimuose. Bendradarbiaudamas su gydytojais, pacientais ir jų artimaisiais, slaugytojas gali užkirsti kelią galimiems odos vėžio atvejams, o susirgus – įgalinti pacientus valdyti savo ligą [5]. Tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti slaugytojo vaidmenį ir veiksnius, įgalinančius melanoma sergančius pacientus kontroliuoti savo ligą. Rezultatai. Atliktos tiriamosios apžvalgos metu išsiaiškinta, kad slaugytojų vaidmuo pasaulyje yra itin svarbus, nes jie atlieka ne tik su slauga susijusias funkcijas. Slaugytojai kryptingai dirba, kad melanoma sergantys pacientai suprastų savo diagnozę, gydymo rekomendacijas ir dalyvavimo klinikiniuose tyrimuose svarbą [6]. Pacientų mentoriai turi išskirtines galimybes pagerinti kultūrinę vėžio priežiūros kompetenciją, atsižvelgiant į jų ryšį su pacientais ir įgalinant juos kontroliuoti savo ligą, o mentorių funkcijų vykdymo strategijos turėtų būti įtrauktos į visų sveikatos priežiūros specialistų mokymus ir kvalifikacijos kėlimo kursus [7].

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Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in different types of melanoma

Cited by 24 publications

References 92 publications

Overcoming Immune Evasion in Melanoma

Overcoming Immune Evasion in Melanoma

Uveal Melanoma Metastasis

Melanoma Sergančių Pacientų Ligos Ir Gyvensenos Kontrolė

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