Efficacy of ice slurry and carbohydrate–electrolyte solutions for firefighters

Tabuchi, Shota; Horie, Seichi; Kawanami, Satoshi; Inoue, Daisuke; Morizane, Shuhei; Inoue, Jiro; Nagano, Chikage; Sakurai, Masaru; Serizawa, Ryo; Hamada, Koichiro

doi:10.1002/1348-9585.12263

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…An operational issue of ice slurry intake was the high intake amount required to obtain a significant effect, as described above. Recently, however, it was suggested that even intake of a small amount of ice slurry prepared using a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution as the carrier may provide a cooling effect [ 29 ]. Therefore, in the present study, the participants were asked to ingest a smaller amount of low-temperature ice slurry than that examined in previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, we considered that lowering the temperature of the ingested ice slurry might be a more effective cooling strategy than increasing the amount of intake. Tabuchi et al [ 29 ] reported that the use of carbohydrates and electrolytes as solvents may reduce the freezing point of ice slurry and aid in keeping the temperature of the ice slurry below −1°C. Moreover, intake of 5 g·kg -1 of low-temperature ice slurry (−1.7°C) prepared using a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution, which is lower than the intake amount prescribed in previous studies, before exercises attenuated the increase in the core temperature in firefighters [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tabuchi et al [ 29 ] reported that the use of carbohydrates and electrolytes as solvents may reduce the freezing point of ice slurry and aid in keeping the temperature of the ice slurry below −1°C. Moreover, intake of 5 g·kg -1 of low-temperature ice slurry (−1.7°C) prepared using a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution, which is lower than the intake amount prescribed in previous studies, before exercises attenuated the increase in the core temperature in firefighters [ 29 ]. However, the possible adverse effects of intake of low-temperature ice slurry (e.g., headache and abdominal pain) have not been reported in previous studies [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ice slurry ingestion improves physical performance during high-intensity intermittent exercise in a hot environment

et al. 2022

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Ice slurry ingestion enhances exercise performance by lowering the core body temperature. However, an operational issue related to this ingestion is the requirement for a high intake of 7.5 g·kg -1 to produce the desired effects. We investigated the effects of the intake of low amounts of ice slurry at −2°C on the tympanic temperature and exercise performance during repeated high-intensity intermittent exercises in a hot environment. This study was a randomized, crossover study, with a 6-day washout period. Twelve university rugby union players performed two 30-min sessions of high-intensity intermittent exercises separated by a 15-min half-time break on a cycle ergometer in a hot environment (28.8°C ± 0.1°C, 49.5% ± 0.6% relative humidity). The participants ingested 450 g of −2°C-ice slurry (ICE), or a 30°C-beverage (CON) having the same composition as ICE, or 30°C-water (WAT) during the half-time break. The tympanic temperature and skin temperature were measured as the physiological data, and the peak power and mean power as the exercise performance data. The tympanic temperature at the half-time break and beginning of the 2 nd session was significantly lower in the ICE group as compared with the CON and WAT groups. The skin temperature at the half-time break was significantly lower in the ICE group as compared with the WAT group. While the peak power and mean power during the 2 nd session were significantly greater in the ICE group as compared with the CON and WAT groups. Our findings suggest that even the intake of lower amounts, as compared with those used in previous studies, of low-temperature ice slurry can reduce the body temperature and improve the peak power. These results suggest that intake of low-temperature ice slurry as a strategy for internal body cooling is useful for improving endurance exercise performance in hot environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ice slurry ingestion improves physical performance during high-intensity intermittent exercise in a hot environment

et al. 2022

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“…Internal cooling involves the introduction of a cold medium to the body through the mouth (and/or nose, in the case of breathing), and includes the consumption of cold fluids or ice and inhalation of cold air [ 6 ]. In recent years, ingestion of ice slurry before working has attracted attention as a practical precooling method and has been reported to suppress the elevation of body temperature [ 2 , 13 – 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of tight-fitting half-facepiece breath-response powered air-purifying respirator for internal body cooling in occupational environment

et al. 2022

Self Cite

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In dust-generating scenarios in occupational environments, it is important to take measures to prevent not only pneumoconiosis, but also heatstroke. The aim of this study was to verify whether using a tight-fitting half-facepiece breath-response powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) in combination with a self-produced cooling device could abate the deep body temperature while performing activities. We conducted a crossover study involving 10 subjects. The subjects were subjected to three conditions: wearing a PAPR equipped with a cooling device, PAPR, or a replaceable particulate respirator. During the experiment, the rectal temperature of the subjects was measured, along with the temperature near the PAPR inlet in container with the cooling device when the PAPR equipped with the cooling device was worn. The subjects rested in a cold chamber set at a dry-bulb temperature of 28°C and relative humidity of 45% for 20 min. Then, they moved to a hot chamber set to a dry-bulb temperature of 36°C (with the same relative humidity) in 5 min and exercised on a cycle ergometer for 30 min. After that, the subjects moved to the cold chamber for 5 min and rested for 20 min. Notably, the air inhaled by the subjects wearing PAPR equipped with the cooling device was approximately 10°C cooler than the ambient air. Furthermore, 35 min after the initiation of the experiment (after the middle of the exercise period), the rectal temperature of the participants wearing the PAPR equipped with the cooling device was lower than of those wearing PAPR or replaceable particulate respirators (p <0.05). Thus, we could deduce that the self-produced cooling device was useful in abating deep body temperature. PAPR is useful for its potential applications in hot occupational environments and can save lives in working environments where heat stress can result in major medical complications.

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“…Clarifying how the contents of ice slurries can be optimized for physiological responses or exercise performance is of critical importance. In a previous study, an ice slurry with a temperature of −1°C was made using a commercially available sports drink containing electrolytes in addition to approximately 4–8% carbohydrates [ 10 , 11 ]. The use of a high-carbohydrate ice slurry (HCIS) containing electrolytes may enable an internal cooling technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-cooling with ingesting a high-carbohydrate ice slurry on thermoregulatory responses and subcutaneous interstitial fluid glucose during heat exposure

Naito

Saito

Morito

et al. 2022

J Physiol Anthropol

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The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of ingesting ice slurries with two different carbohydrate contents on body temperatures and the subcutaneous interstitial fluid glucose level during heat exposure. Seven physically active men underwent one of three interventions: the ingestion of 7.5 g/kg of a control beverage (CON: 26°C), a normal-carbohydrate ice slurry (NCIS: −1°C), or a high-carbohydrate ice slurry (HCIS: −5°C). The participants were monitored for a 120-min period that included 10 min of rest, 25 min of exposure to the experimental cooling intervention (during which the beverage was ingested), and 85 min of seated rest in a climate chamber (36°C, 50% relative humidity). The rectal temperature in the HCIS and NCIS trials was lower than that in the CON trial from 40 to 75 min. The infrared tympanic temperature was also lower in the HCIS and NCIS trials than in the CON trial from 20 to 50 min, whereas the deep thigh or mean skin temperatures were not significantly different among the three groups. From 90 to 120 min, the subcutaneous interstitial fluid glucose level in the NCIS trial was lower than that at 65 min; however, reductions were not seen in the HCIS and CON trials. These findings suggest that both HCIS ingestion and conventional NCIS ingestion were effective cooling strategies for reducing thermal strain, while HCIS ingestion may also enable a higher subcutaneous interstitial fluid glucose level to be maintained, ensuring an adequate supply of required muscle substrates.

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Efficacy of ice slurry and carbohydrate–electrolyte solutions for firefighters

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

Ice slurry ingestion improves physical performance during high-intensity intermittent exercise in a hot environment

Ice slurry ingestion improves physical performance during high-intensity intermittent exercise in a hot environment

Application of tight-fitting half-facepiece breath-response powered air-purifying respirator for internal body cooling in occupational environment

Pre-cooling with ingesting a high-carbohydrate ice slurry on thermoregulatory responses and subcutaneous interstitial fluid glucose during heat exposure

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