“…The poultry sector's primary objective is to deliver improved poultry productivity and safer food ( Khan et al, 2012 ; Saeed et al, 2019 , 2020 ). The literature revealed that the use of natural feed supplements as growth promoters in poultry feed positively impacts egg production, reproduction, and health and minimizes the use of antibiotics as growth enhancers ( Alagawany et al, 2019a , b , 2021 ; El-Fakhrany et al, 2021a ; Ny et al, 2021 ). Therefore, medicinal plants and their commodities have been employed in poultry feeds as a supplement to increase feed uptake, intestinal enzymes, immune functions, and growth and inhibit growth of harmful bacteria ( Dhama et al, 2018 , Al-Sagan et al, 2020 ; Abdel-Latif et al, 2022 ; Dong et al, 2023 ).…”