Efficacy of Heat Treatment for Disinfestation of Concrete Grain Silos

Opit, George P.; Arthur, Frank H.; Bonjour, E. L.; Jones, Carol L.; Phillips, Thomas W.

doi:10.1603/ec11104

Cited by 30 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…For example, observation of L. entomophila in tobacco-processing buildings on farms in Zimbabwe (49) showed a significant drop in psocid numbers once the humidity and temperature levels in the storage structure were kept below 70% RH and 18 • C, respectively. (69). Heat was applied to the silos with the aim of achieving 49 • C for 6 h in all parts of the structure.…”

Section: Drying and Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology and Management of Psocids Infesting Stored Products

Nayak

Collins

Throne

et al. 2014

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

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Previously regarded as minor nuisance pests, psocids belonging to the genus Liposcelis now pose a major problem for the effective protection of stored products worldwide. Here we examine the apparent biological and operational reasons behind this phenomenon and why conventional pest management seems to be failing. We investigate what is known about the biology, behavior, and population dynamics of major pest species to ascertain their strengths, and perhaps find weaknesses, as a basis for a rational pest management strategy. We outline the contribution of molecular techniques to clarifying species identification and understanding genetic diversity. We discuss progress in sampling and trapping and our comprehension of spatial distribution of these pests as a foundation for developing management strategies. The effectiveness of various chemical treatments and the availability and potential of nonchemical control methods are critically examined. Finally, we identify research gaps and suggest future directions for research.

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Section: Drying and Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology and Management of Psocids Infesting Stored Products

Nayak

Collins

Throne

et al. 2014

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

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“…High temperatures used for disinfestation may cause disruption of structural integrity and affect other qualities of the treated commodities. Scaling up of these heat treatment methods to an industrial level can be complex, time‐consuming, and expensive (Hansen et al., 2011; Opit, Jones, Bonjour, Arthur, & Phillips, 2011). Mahroof, Subramanyam, Throne, and Menon (2003) suggested that a temperature of 50 °C for 24 hr is enough to kill all life stages of major stored pests in postharvest agricultural commodities.…”

Section: Existing Disinfestation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Opit et al. (2011) used high‐temperature treatment to disinfest grain silos and containers and suggested that proper precleaning of storages can append the effectiveness. Heat treatments are usually performed for grain storage structures, generally by hot water for removal of particles, husks, and insect fragments.…”

Section: Existing Disinfestation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disinfestation techniques for major cereals: A status report

Paul

Radhakrishnan

Saravanan

et al. 2020

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Management of stored product insects is a major concern and widely researched topic in the food and grain processing and storage industry. In the scenario of estimated utilization of produces exceeding the production, postharvest losses should be properly controlled to feed the growing population. The prevailing disinfestation techniques are forced to meet regulatory standards and market demands. The resistance developed by insects, environmental concerns, and occupational hazards lead to the vanishing of many chemicals used in insect and pest management programs. Some of the major disinfestation techniques such as the use of chemical fumigants, ozone, irradiation, dielectric heating, extreme temperature treatments, and bio rational approaches are discussed, particularly on the storage of cereal grains and its products, as they contribute to a significant proportion of food consumed worldwide. Newer techniques such as nonthermal plasma and metabolic stress disinfestation and decontamination for stored pest control are developed and evaluated in different parts of the world. The knowledge about the mode of action of these disinfestation techniques is important to avoid the cross-resistance and multiple resistance developed by insects with frequently used techniques. Various alternatives to conventional fumigants are discussed in this review as there is a growing demand for toxic-free, environment-friendly, and, at the same time, efficient techniques.

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“…The success of these treatments is dependent upon obtaining temperatures of about 50°C throughout the facilities. As product residues have been shown to insulate pest insects from the heat, sanitation of the facilities before treatment is very important (Brijwani et al 2010, Opit et al 2011.…”

Section: Mebr Alternatives For Postharvest Structural and Qps Applicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of Alternatives for Methyl Bromide in the United States

Johnson¹,

Walse²,

Gerik³

2012

outlook pest man

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Methyl bromide (MeBr, CH 3 Br) is used in the agricultural sector as a broad-spectrum biocidal fumigant for soils, commodities, wood packing materials or structures, targeting pest insects, nematodes, weeds, pathogens and rodents. MeBr was identified as a chemical that contributes to the depletion of stratospheric ozone, and its production and use are subject to regulation under the US Clean Air Act. As one of the original signatories of the 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, the United States ratified the Protocol in 1988. Amendments to the Clean Air Act were enacted in 1990 to include Title VI on Stratospheric Ozone Protection to ensure that the United States would satisfy its obligations under the Protocol. The United States committed to a gradual reduction of MeBr use, leading to a near complete ban on January 1, 2005. The Montreal Protocol and the US Clean Air Act allow yearly requests for Critical Use Exemptions (CUEs); Quarantine and Preshipment (QPS) applications as well as emergency uses are also exempt from the ban. Use of MeBr in the United States Prior to the phase-out of MeBr, the United States used roughly 27,000 metric tons (MT) annually (Ragsdale & Vick 2001). Of this about 75% was used for soil fumigation, 11% for commodity treatments, and 6% for structural fumigation, with the remainder used as feedstock in industrial chemical production. The Montreal Protocol set 1991 consumption levels as a baseline for subsequent phase-out schedules. For developed countries, consumption was frozen at 1991 levels until 1998, and then reduced incrementally until 100% reduction, with some exceptions, was reached by a target date of 2005. Within the United States, the baseline level was about 25,500 MT, not including QPS applications. In keeping with the schedule set by the Montreal Protocol, MeBr usage in the US has declined significantly (Fig. 1). Since 2005, only those non-QPS applications approved as CUEs are allowed (Table 1, USEPA 2011a), with other applications being made from stocks of MeBr existing before the phase-out. More than 90% of the allowance goes to pre-plant soil fumigations, with strawberries alone taking up 30-66%. Postharvest uses take less than 10% of the total allowance, with mills and processors receiving 71-92% of this. The * Values are those exemptions granted by the Parties to the Montreal Protocol

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Efficacy of Heat Treatment for Disinfestation of Concrete Grain Silos

Cited by 30 publications

References 28 publications

Biology and Management of Psocids Infesting Stored Products

Biology and Management of Psocids Infesting Stored Products

Disinfestation techniques for major cereals: A status report

Status of Alternatives for Methyl Bromide in the United States

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