Efficacy of halofuginone lactate in the prevention of cryptosporidiosis in suckling calves

Lefay, Didier; Naciri, Muriel; Poirier, P.; Chermette, René

doi:10.1136/vr.148.4.108

Cited by 58 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite closely related to the gregarine parasites within the Apicomplexa [3] and is considered as an important agent in the aetiology of diarrhoea in both humans and livestock [7,15]. In cattle, the parasite has been associated both with acute and chronic diagnosis of Cryptosporidium in calves comprise microscopic examination (ME) following Kinyoun acid fast staining, modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining or carbolfuchsine staining, and immunological assays, such as the immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bayesian approach for the evaluation of six diagnostic assays and the estimation ofCryptosporidiumprevalence in dairy calves

Geurden¹,

Berkvens²,

Geldhof³

et al. 2006

Vet. Res.

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-The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in calves and the test properties of six diagnostic assays (microscopy (ME), an immunofluorescence assay (IFA), two ELISA and two PCR assays) were estimated using Bayesian analysis. In a first Bayesian approach, the test results of the four conventional techniques were used: ME, IFA and two ELISA. This four-test approach estimated that the calf prevalence was 17% (95% Probability Interval (PI): 0.1-0.28) and that the specificity estimates of the IFA and ELISA were high compared to ME. A six-test Bayesian model was developed using the test results of the 4 conventional assays and 2 PCR assays, resulting in a higher calf prevalence estimate (58% with a 95% PI: 0.5-0.66) and in a different test evaluation: the sensitivity estimates of the conventional techniques decreased in the six-test approach, due to the inclusion of two PCR assays with a higher sensitivity compared to the conventional techniques. The specificity estimates of these conventional assays were comparable in the four-test and six-test approach. These results both illustrate the potential and the pitfalls of a Bayesian analysis in estimating prevalence and test characteristics, since posterior estimates are variables depending both on the data at hand and prior information included in the analysis. The need for sensitive diagnostic assays in epidemiological studies is demonstrated, especially for the identification of subclinically infected animals since the PCR assays identify these animals with reduced oocyst excretion, which the conventional techniques fail to identify.Cryptosporidium / Bayesian / test evaluation / prevalence / calves

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bayesian approach for the evaluation of six diagnostic assays and the estimation ofCryptosporidiumprevalence in dairy calves

Geurden¹,

Berkvens²,

Geldhof³

et al. 2006

Vet. Res.

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“…The treatment of cryptosporidiosis is often tedious since a safe and effective treatment protocol has not yet been established (Lefay et al 2001;Joachim et al 2003;Ocal et al 2007). The ideal treatment protocol should aim to improve the systemic condition and to minimize or even stop oocyte shedding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Halofuginone, paromomycin, decoquinate and bovine hyper immune colostrum are among the drugs that have showed some effects in experimental studies; however, their efficacy has not been fully validated in natural infections (Lefay et al 2001). Triazine-based anti-protozoal drugs such as toltrazuril are also used in the treatment and prophylaxis of apicomplexan diseases.…”

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confidence: 99%

The efficacy of a combination of azithromycin and toltrazuril for the treatment of calves naturally infected with cryptosporidiosis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparative clinical trial

Yağci¹,

Öcal²,

Duru³

et al. 2017

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Cryptosporidium spp. are important emerging pathogens that can cause infections in humans, especially in immunosuppressed patients. Treatment of diseased calves that shed the infectious stage of the protozoon is critically important to prevent contamination by Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. The objective of this study was to determine if a combination of azithromycin and toltrazuril provides a better treatment option for calf cryptosporidiosis compared to the use of either agent alone. A total of 55 Holstein calves with cryptosporidiosis were randomly assigned into four groups. Group A (n = 15) received azithromycin at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day per os for six days, group T (n = 15) received toltrazuril at a dose of 20 mg/kg per os every other day on a total of three occasions, and group AT (n = 15) received the combination of both drugs. The control group (n = 10) received purified water. A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical study was designed. The number of oocysts in faeces and clinical parameters were followed daily. Selected haematological and biochemical parameters were measured at the beginning and end of the study. The calves receiving the combination of azithromycin and toltrazuril exhibited a better clinical score as well as the lowest number of oocysts at all time-points. In conclusion, the combination of azithromycin and toltrazuril promotes rapid clinical recovery in calves infected with cryptosporidiosis and stops oocyst shedding. Thus, the combination of azithromycin and toltrazuril is an effective alternative treatment option for calf cryptosporidiosis.

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“…In ruminants, halofuginone, synthetic drug from quinazolinone, has therapeutic effect against cryptosporidiosis [268]. A study on the efficacy of halofuginone against cryptosporidiosis has promising results due to its capacity to reduce oocysts excretion and diarrhea, and delay the onset of infection in calves infected with C.…”

Section: Cryptosporidiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Infectious Diseases in Water Buffalo: An Economic and Public Health Concern

Villanueva¹,

Mingala²,

Tubalinal³

et al. 2018

Emerging Infectious Diseases in Water Buffalo - An Economic and Public Health Concern

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Water buffalo is an indispensable livestock in Asia and other countries due to its high meat and milk quality, aside from draft power source. It adapts well to tropical climate and has significant contribution to the livestock industry, provided with improved breeding and good animal husbandry practices. Infectious diseases are hindrance to good reproductive performance of livestock, resulting in huge economic loss. In addition, most of these diseases are zoonotic, posing serious threats on human health. However, its degree of severity varies in each region and is often overlooked. This chapter reviews the common and current updates on emerging bacterial, viral, protozoal, fungal and endoparasitic pathogens that infect water buffaloes worldwide. All of the diseases directly affect the animals' health condition except for schistosomiasis where water buffalo played an important role as shedder of infection to humans. Leptospirosis, brucellosis, Bovine Tb, BVDV and fasciolosis have projected economic impact to water buffalo industry as well as its effect as zoonoses. However, the data seem underquantified since most are neglected diseases and are highly prevalent in developing countries. Further studies are needed particularly in countries where water buffalo is the major livestock than cattle to fully utilize the potential of the animal.

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Efficacy of halofuginone lactate in the prevention of cryptosporidiosis in suckling calves

Cited by 58 publications

References 17 publications

A Bayesian approach for the evaluation of six diagnostic assays and the estimation ofCryptosporidiumprevalence in dairy calves

A Bayesian approach for the evaluation of six diagnostic assays and the estimation ofCryptosporidiumprevalence in dairy calves

The efficacy of a combination of azithromycin and toltrazuril for the treatment of calves naturally infected with cryptosporidiosis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparative clinical trial

Emerging Infectious Diseases in Water Buffalo: An Economic and Public Health Concern

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