Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematode and Bacillus thuringiensis combinations against Holotrichia parallela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) larvae

ErTao, Li; Zhang, Shuai; Li, Kebin; Nyamwasaa, Innocent; Li, Jinqiao; Li, Xiaofeng; Qin, Jian-Hui; Yin, Jing

doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2020.104469

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…By concurrently administering the combination of Bt and Xn, we observed that the mortality of SWD larvae increased by approximately 10%; the most interesting effect was the reduction in the time required to obtain a significant lethality, a mortality rate of 67% was already recorded at 16 h. The combination of Bt with Xn secretions resulted in a marked increase in mortality, which reached 86% at 24 h, and 100% at 48 h. Overall, the observed increases in efficacy using combinations of bioinsecticides agree with the literature [ 52 , 55 , 56 ]. In particular, our results are similar to those obtained with the combination of Bt and Xn when used on the dipteran Aedes albopictus, Culex pipiens pallens and on the lepidopteran P. xylostella [ 21 , 50 , 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…However, the efficacy of these pathogens, when used in single, does not always provide satisfactory results; in addition, their efficacy often requires high concentrations of the pathogen, which can interfere with the life cycle and affect other beneficial organisms present in the environment [ 48 , 49 ]. The reduction of the administered concentrations and the improvement of the rapidity of action, could be achieved by combining different bioinsecticides, thus by exploiting the possible synergistic or additive potential of the applied pathogens [ 9 , 50 , 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drosophila suzukii Susceptibility to the Oral Administration of Bacillus thuringiensis, Xenorhabdus nematophila and Its Secondary Metabolites

Mastore

Caramella

Quadroni

et al. 2021

Insects

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Drosophila suzukii, Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD), is a serious economic issue for thin-skinned fruit farmers. The invasion of this dipteran is mainly counteracted by chemical control methods; however, it would be desirable to replace them with biological control. All assays were performed with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), Xenorhabdus nematophila (Xn), and Xn secretions, administered orally in single or combination, then larval lethality was assessed at different times. Gut damage caused by Bt and the influence on Xn into the hemocoelic cavity was also evaluated. In addition, the hemolymph cell population was analyzed after treatments. The data obtained show that the combined use of Bt plus Xn secretions on larvae, compared to single administration of bacteria, significantly improved the efficacy and reduced the time of treatments. The results confirm the destructive action of Bt on the gut of SWD larvae, and that Bt-induced alteration promotes the passage of Xn to the hemocoel cavity. Furthermore, hemocytes decrease after bioinsecticides treatments. Our study demonstrates that combining bioinsecticides can improve the efficacy of biocontrol and such combinations should be tested in greenhouse and in field in the near future.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophila suzukii Susceptibility to the Oral Administration of Bacillus thuringiensis, Xenorhabdus nematophila and Its Secondary Metabolites

Mastore

Caramella

Quadroni

et al. 2021

Insects

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“…Sorokin F-52 strain was successful against Cyclocephala hirta, Anomala orientalis, and Cyclocephala lurida Bland (Thurston et al 1994;Koppenhöfer et al 1999; Wu et al 2014). Moreover, we previously detected the synergistic and additive action between the combination of EPN H. beicherriana LF and Bt (HBF-18) against H. parallela larvae (Li et al 2021b). However, the additive action was less effective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Implication of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes in the resistance of Holotrichia parallela larvae to EPN-Bt infection

Wang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Combining the entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), Heterorhabditis beicherriana LF strain and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) HBF-18 strain is a practical strategy to manage the larvae of Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky. However, the intrinsic resistance mechanism between H. parallela larvae and the EPN-Bt combination is unknown. Herein, antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)] and detoxifying enzymes [carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)] of H. parallela larvae showed an activation-inhibition trend throughout the EPN-Bt exposure time course. Eight potentially key antioxidant and detoxifying enzyme genes in response to EPN-Bt infection were identified from the midgut of H. parallela larvae through RNA-seq. Spatiotemporal analysis showed they were ubiquitously expressed in all development stages and tissues. After silencing CAT, CarE, and GST1, the enzyme activities were significantly decreased by 30.29%, 68.80%, and 34.63%, respectively. Meanwhile, the mortality of grubs was increased by 18.40%, 46.30%, and 42.59% after exposure to EPN-Bt for 1 day. The expression level change trends of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), cap ‘n’ collar isoform-C (CncC), kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), and CarE were consistent when exposed to EPN-Bt. Furtherly, RNAi-mediated PI3K silencing showed a similar downregulated trend between PI3K/Akt/CncC and CarE. Furthermore, silencing PI3K rendered grubs more susceptible to EPN-Bt and accelerated symbiotic bacteria multiplication in grubs. Overall, these results suggest that PI3K/Akt/CncC pathway mediates the expression of CarE and participates in the resistance of H. parallela larvae to EPN-Bt infection.

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“…The larvae, white grubs, live in soil and prefer to feed on plant roots, causing an average economic loss of more than 15% per year [4]; in serious cases, the losses may exceed 50% [5]. In recent years, the implementation of agricultural measures, such as no-tillage and shallow tillage systems, straw return, has created unique conditions for the survival and quantity of white grubs [6,7]. The application of chemical insecticides has been widely used as an effective measure in white grub management but resulted in soil and groundwater pollution [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1929, EPNs were first discovered as the parasites of Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) in New Jersey [15] and produced a high mortality to white grubs [16]. To date, approximately seven EPN species, including Steinernema scarabaei, Steinernema glaseri, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora H06, Heterorhabditis spp., Steinernema longicaudum X-7, Heterorhabditis indica LN2 and Heterorhabditis beicherriana, have shown potential control abilities for P. japonica, masked chafers (Cyclocephala borealis Arrow), Holotrichia oblita and H. parallela [7,[17][18][19][20][21]. However, the pathogenicity of nematodes is unstable in practical applications, and the control effect is unsatisfactory [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune-related genes of the larval Holotrichia parallela in response to entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis beicherriana LF

et al. 2021

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Background Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) emerge as compatible alternatives to conventional insecticides in controlling Holotrichia parallela larvae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). However, the immune responses of H. parallela against EPNs infection remain unclear. Results In present research, RNA-Seq was firstly performed. A total of 89,427 and 85,741 unigenes were achieved from the midgut of H. parallela larvae treated with Heterorhabditis beicherriana LF for 24 and 72 h, respectively; 2545 and 3156 unigenes were differentially regulated, respectively. Among those differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 74 were identified potentially related to the immune response. Notably, some immune-related genes, such as peptidoglycan recognition protein SC1 (PGRP-SC1), pro-phenoloxidase activating enzyme-I (PPAE-I) and glutathione s-transferase (GST), were induced at both treatment points. Bioinformatics analysis showed that PGRP-SC1, PPAE-I and GST were all involved in anti-parasitic immune process. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that the three immune-related genes were expressed in all developmental stages; PGRP-SC1 and PPAE-I had higher expressions in midgut and fat body, respectively, while GST exhibited high expression in both of them. Moreover, in vivo silencing of them resulted in increased susceptibility of H. parallela larvae to H. beicherriana LF. Conclusion These results suggest that H. parallela PGRP-SC1, PPAE-I and GST are involved in the immune responses to resist H. beicherriana LF infection. This study provides the first comprehensive transcriptome resource of H. parallela exposure to nematode challenge that will help to support further comparative studies on host-EPN interactions.

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Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematode and Bacillus thuringiensis combinations against Holotrichia parallela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) larvae

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Drosophila suzukii Susceptibility to the Oral Administration of Bacillus thuringiensis, Xenorhabdus nematophila and Its Secondary Metabolites

Drosophila suzukii Susceptibility to the Oral Administration of Bacillus thuringiensis, Xenorhabdus nematophila and Its Secondary Metabolites

Implication of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes in the resistance of Holotrichia parallela larvae to EPN-Bt infection

Immune-related genes of the larval Holotrichia parallela in response to entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis beicherriana LF

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