Efficacy of danofloxacin in the treatment of respiratory disease in European cattle

Abstract

The efficacy of an injectable formulation of danofloxacin (180 mg/ml) in the treatment of naturally occurring bovine respiratory disease was evaluated in field studies on farms in France, Ireland and the United Kingdom. Cattle aged one week to 15 months with clinical respiratory disease were randomly allocated to treatment with 6 mg/kg danofloxacin or 10 mg/kg tilmicosin, administered by a single subcutaneous injection on day 0. A second injection of danofloxacin was administered on day 2, only if predefined clinical criteria were met. Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus somnus were isolated from pretreatment nasopharyngeal swabs taken on all the farms. After the treatment, there was a more rapid improvement in the clinical response of the 178 animals treated with danofloxacin by day 2 (P < 0.01) than in the 90 treated with tilmicosin. For both treatments, there were similar significant (P < 0.001) reductions in the mean rectal temperature and severity of clinical signs of abnormal respiration and depression, on days 4 and 10 compared with day 0; 78.1 per cent of the animals treated with danofloxacin and 78.5 per cent of those treated with tilmicosin completed the studies. Danofloxacin 18 per cent was clinically safe and as effective as tilmicosin in the treatment of bovine respiratory disease.

Pharmacokinetics, urinary excretion and plasma protein binding of danofloxacin following intravenous administration in buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis)

“…However, the drug levels remained ≥ 5.0 μg/ml in urine up to 12 h post intravenous injection. The concentration of danofloxacin (2.37 μg/ml) in urine of buffalo calves remained many folds higher than the MIC (0.015-0.50 μg/ml) of most microorganisms sensitive to the drug up to 24 h as demonstrated by Rowan et al (2004). This suggested that use of danofloxacin in buffalo calves might achieve successful bacterial killing in urinary tract infections caused by microorganisms having susceptibility ≤ 0.50 μg/ml.…”

“…The MIC 90 of drug against E. coli ranged between 0.016-0.125 μg/ml. The range of MIC values for danofloxacin against M. haemolytica and P. multocida was 0.015-0.5 μg/ml and 0.015-0.06 μg/ml, respectively (Giles et al 1991;Rowan et al 2004). The MIC values of danofloxacin against P. multocida isolated from natural outbreaks of Haemorrhagic Septicemia in bovines in Punjab, India were in the range of 0.025-0.08 μg/ml in unpublished work of Sidhu and Saini.…”

“…It also showed great potential for the treatment of respiratory and other infections caused by Mycoplasma species in cattle, pigs and poultry (Cooper et al1993). Rowan et al (2004) determined MIC 90 of danofloxacin of 0.25 and 0.06 μg/ml, respectively, for Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida.…”

Concentrations of danofloxacin 18% solution in plasma, milk and tissues after subcutaneous injection in dairy cows

“…The tested tissues behaved similarly to which was described in lungs by other authors. Some studies suggested that danofloxacin 18% is as clinical effective and safe to treat bovine respiratory disease as tilmicosin because of its penetration in lungs [37,38].…”

Short communication: The gain-of-function Y581S polymorphism of the ABCG2 transporter increases secretion into milk of danofloxacin at the therapeutic dose for mastitis treatment

“…However, a formulation of danofloxacin 18% was recently developed to allow the delivery of a higher dose (6 mg/kg). As fluoroquinolone antibacterial efficacy is dependent on the peak concentration obtained rather than the duration of plasma concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration (Rowan et al, 2004), the efficacy of the 18% formulation has advantages compared with the 2.5% formulation, as the former allows the administration of higher concentrations in a lower volume (Mestorino et al, 2009). Furthermore, this formulation has been reported as safe and effective in the treatment of pneumonia, enteritis, and mastitis with a single dose or at most 2 doses (Poutrel et al, 2008;Mestorino et al, 2009), with the drug reaching high concentrations in different ruminant species (Escudero et al, 2007), thus potentially reducing selection pressure for bacterial resistance (Martinez et al, 2006).…”