Efficacy of Continuous Performance Testing in Adult ADHD in a Clinical Sample Using QbTest+

Adamou, Marios; Jones, Sarah L.; Marks, Laura U.; Lowe, Deborah A.

doi:10.1177/10870547221079798

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Ten studies with a control arm design were identified (Adamou et al, 2022;Bijlenga et al, 2019;Brunkhorst-Kanaan et al, 2020;Edebol et al, 2012Edebol et al, , 2013Emser et al, 2018;Groom et al, 2016;Hult et al, 2018;Pettersson et al, 2018;Söderström et al, 2014) (Table 2). All 10 studies assessed the ability of QbTest to discriminate between an ADHD population and one or more control populations.…”

Section: Review Of Studies Evaluating Discriminatory Abilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four studies reported data for a normative control population (two studies reported for a disconfirmed clinical population and two studies reported for confirmed differential diagnosis) (Bijlenga et al, 2019;Edebol et al, 2012Edebol et al, , 2013Emser et al, 2018). Six of the studies were conducted at a secondary or tertiary care facility (Adamou et al, 2022;Brunkhorst-Kanaan et al, 2020;Groom et al, 2016;Hult et al, 2018;Pettersson et al, 2018;Söderström et al, 2014). Consequently, these 10 studies were included in the analysis of weighted average for sensitivity and specificity.…”

Section: Review Of Studies Evaluating Discriminatory Abilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pooled analysis (weighted average) (95% confidence interval [CI]) (10 studies combined) (Adamou et al, 2022;Bijlenga et al, 2019;Brunkhorst-Kanaan et al, 2020;Edebol et al, 2012Edebol et al, , 2013Emser et al, 2018;Groom et al, 2016;Hult et al, 2018;Pettersson et al, 2018;Söderström et al, 2014) 0.84 (0.81-0.87) 0.84 (0.81-0.87)…”

Section: Sensitivity Specificitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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QbTest in the clinical assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A review of the evidence

Gustafsson,

Hansen

2023

Mental Health Science

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The technology described in this review is QbTest. This evaluation focuses on QbTest in the clinical assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with emphasis on studies designed to evaluate the performance of QbTest as a decision support tool, that is, the intended use, and studies designed to evaluate discriminatory ability as a diagnostic test. A literature search of publications was made until May 2023. For the first part, studies investigating QbTest as a decision support tool were included. For the second part, studies designed to evaluate QbTest as a stand‐alone test were included if sufficient information for a weighted average calculation of discriminatory power was included in the publication. Eleven studies on participants with ADHD were included for which QbTest was used in the diagnostic procedures of the disorder. One prospective randomized controlled study designed to evaluate QbTest when used for its intended purpose demonstrated a reduced time to diagnosis and increased diagnostic confidence. Ten studies designed to evaluate QbTest as a diagnostic test were identified. QbTest performed well with a weighted average sensitivity of 0.89 and specificity of 0.87 across studies with normative controls. In the challenging group of population with differential diagnosis (participants referred to a secondary or tertiary clinical care level), QbTest performed with a weighted average of 0.79 and 0.71 for both sensitivity and specificity. When including only studies of robust sample size (each study arm ≥50), the weighted averages were 0.83 and 0.86 for specificity and sensitivity, respectively. The addition of a QbTest reduced the time to a diagnostic decision without compromising diagnostic accuracy in a randomized control trial. When QbTest was evaluated for discriminative ability, an overall satisfactory weighted average sensitivity and specificity was found. The intended use of QbTest is to be used as a support tool rather than a standalone test in the clinical assessment of ADHD.

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Section: Review Of Studies Evaluating Discriminatory Abilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of Studies Evaluating Discriminatory Abilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensitivity Specificitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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QbTest in the clinical assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A review of the evidence

Gustafsson,

Hansen

2023

Mental Health Science

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“… 20 Additionally, there are concerns about QbTest identifying ADHD in clinical samples. 21 However, these studies used QbTest independently of other clinical information. QbTest is not designed to act as a ‘stand-alone’ tool; the US Food and Drug Administration approved QbTest as a decision-aid tool to augment, but not replace, standard clinical assessment of ADHD by a trained practitioner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In studies designed to assess ‘stand-alone’ diagnostic accuracy, QbTest has only moderate sensitivity and low specificity to ADHD 20. Additionally, there are concerns about QbTest identifying ADHD in clinical samples 21. However, these studies used QbTest independently of other clinical information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using an objective computer task (QbTest) to aid the identification of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the Children and Young People Secure Estate (CYPSE): a feasibility randomised controlled trial

et al. 2022

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ObjectivesQbTest has been shown to improve time to decision/diagnosis for young people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim was to assess the feasibility of QbTest for young people in prison.DesignSingle-centre feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT), with 1:1 allocation. Concealed random allocation using an online pseudorandom list with random permuted blocks of varying sizes.SettingOne Young Offenders Institution in England.Participants355 young people aged 15–18 years displaying possible symptoms of ADHD were assessed for eligibility, 69 were eligible to take part and 60 were randomised.InterventionQbTest—a computer task measuring attention, activity and impulsivity.Main outcome measuresEligibility, recruitment and retention rates and acceptability of randomisation and trial participation.ResultsOf the 355 young people assessed for eligibility, 69 were eligible and 60 were randomised (n=30 QbTest plus usual care; n=30 usual care alone). The study achieved the specified recruitment target. Trial participation and randomisation were deemed acceptable by the majority of participants. 78% of young people were followed up at 3 months, but only 32% at 6 months, although this was also affected by COVID-19 restrictions. Secondary outcomes were mixed. Participants including clinical staff were mostly supportive of the study and QbTest; however, some young people found QbTest hard and there were issues with implementation of the ADHD care pathway. There were no serious adverse events secondary to the study or intervention and no one was withdrawn from the study due to an adverse event.ConclusionsWith adaptations, a fully powered RCT may be achievable to evaluate the effectiveness of QbTest in the assessment of ADHD in the Children and Young People Secure Estate, with time to decision (days) as the primary outcome measure. However, further programme developmental work is required to address some of the challenges highlighted prior to a larger trial.Trial registration numberISRCTN17402196.

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Measuring Impulsivity and Its Underlying Features in ADHD

Linhartová,

Horký,

Radimecká

et al. 2023

Autism and Child Psychopathology Series

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Efficacy of Continuous Performance Testing in Adult ADHD in a Clinical Sample Using QbTest+

Cited by 8 publications

References 64 publications

QbTest in the clinical assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A review of the evidence

QbTest in the clinical assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A review of the evidence

Using an objective computer task (QbTest) to aid the identification of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the Children and Young People Secure Estate (CYPSE): a feasibility randomised controlled trial

Measuring Impulsivity and Its Underlying Features in ADHD

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