Efficacy of commonly used anthelmintics: First report of multiple drug resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in Trinidad

George, Nishkal; Persad, K.; Sagam, R.; Offiah, Veronica N.; Adesiyun, Abiodun A.; Harewood, Winthrop J.; Lambie, Nicole; Basu, Asoke

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.06.014

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This is in line with the studies conducted on nematodes of sheep maintained under the extensive system by smallholder farmers in Ethiopia [2, 17, 18, 39]. Similarly, the finding of this study also supported by previous reports from different parts of the world [16, 32, 42, 43]. However, the result obtained in this study contrasts previous studies conducted by Kumsa and Abebe [33] and Getachew et al [41] from Ethiopia with 63–84.44% FECR.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The report of this study is also in contrast to the reports of Traversa et al [44] from Italy with 88% FECR and Pena-Espinoza et al [45] from Denmark with 71% FECR in lambs at field condition. The observation of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes in these studies is most probably due to the combination of selection factors like high frequency of treatments, simultaneous and indiscriminate use of the same drugs and under dosage treatment practices by owners; all of which are reported to favour and enhance anthelmintic resistance development [15, 16, 36, 43, 45]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Field evaluation of the efficacy of common anthelmintics used in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in Dabat district, Northwest Ethiopia

et al. 2017

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BackgroundGastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections are the main impediments that restrict the welfare and productivity of small ruminant in the world. Effective management of GINs in grazing sheep relies heavily on the use of highly efficacious anthelmintic drugs. However, anthelmintic resistance is becoming a significant concern in the world, and this phenomenon severely threatens the potential utilisation of this control strategy. Therefore, this study was conducted 1) to evaluate the efficacy of commonly used anthelmintic on GINs in naturally infected sheep and 2) to assess the farmers’ perception on anthelmintics utilisation practices in Dabat district, Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsOne hundred twenty nematode infected sheep were used in this study. Sheep were selected based on the egg count (≥150 eggs per gram of faeces). The animals were allocated randomly into four groups (30 animals per group). Group-I, II and III were treated with Albendazole, Tetramisole, and Ivermectin, respectively. The 4th group was left untreated (as control). Faecal samples were collected on day 0 (before treatment), on day 3, 7, 10 and 14 (post-treatment). The modified McMaster technique was used for quantifying the eggs. Faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was applied to determine the efficacy of anthelmintic at day 14 (post-treatment). In addition, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 100 randomly selected sheep owners.ResultsAll anthelmintics tested revealed significant (P < 0.05) reduction in nematode egg excretion in the sheep post-treatment. Faecal egg count reduction (FECR) levels for Albendazole, Tetramisole, and Ivermectin were 97.2, 98.9 and 97.7%, respectively. Post-treatment egg counts and percentage reduction of egg counts were not significantly different (P > 0.05) among the treatment groups. The nematode genera identified before treatment were Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Cooperia, Trichuris, Teladorsagia, Bunostomum, and Strongyloides. Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus were detected after treatment with Albendazole and Ivermectin. The questionnaire survey revealed that Albendazole was the most commonly (90%) used anthelmintic to treat nematodes in sheep, followed by Tetramisole (36%) and Tetraclozan (Tetramisole-Oxyclozanide combination) (20%). Respondents expressed that anthelmintic selection was made based on veterinarian prescription (84%), colour (27%), efficacy (4%), price affordability (1%) and availability (1%).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the tested anthelmintics had an acceptable level of efficacy against GINs of sheep.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field evaluation of the efficacy of common anthelmintics used in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in Dabat district, Northwest Ethiopia

et al. 2017

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“…Furthermore, majority of anthelmintic preparations used today have been utilized for two or more decades. These conditions favour the development of resistance by the parasites (George et al, 2011). Thus, there is concern among professionals and livestock owners about the efficacy of anthelmintic products available in this region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on utilization and efficacy of commonly used anthelmintics against gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected sheep in North Gondar, North-Western Ethiopia

Melaku¹

2013

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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Anthelmintic utilization and efficacy of commonly used anthelmintics against gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected sheep were assessed in North Gondar, NorthWestern Ethiopia. Anthelmintic utilization data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire. An efficacy trial was conducted on 28 naturally infected sheep. The animals were randomly allocated into seven groups (four in each). Groups were treated with albendazole, ivermectin, tetramisole, levamisole, albendazole, ivermectin plus albendazole, albendazole plus levamisole, and a no-treatment control group. The faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was used to evaluate the efficacy of anthelmintics and identification of parasites was done by the faecal culture examination method. Data from the survey showed that different anthelmintics were used and some improper utilization was also recorded. Livestock owners had a tendency to deworm their animals throughout the year, but most commonly at the beginning of the rainy season. The highest FECRT (100%) was observed in animals receiving combined therapy, followed by albendazole (99.08%), ivermectin (96.69%), levamisole (90.06%) and the lowest reduction percentage was observed in the tetramisole group (89.51%). Parasite species surviving treatment were: albendazole, Trichuris; ivermectin, Trichuris and Haemonchus; levamisole and tetramisole, Trichuris, Haemonchus and Oesophagostomum. In summary, the different anthelmintics used in the study area did not have equal efficacy. Therefore, proper utilization and selection of anthelmintics are necessary for effective control of these parasites in Ethiopia.

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“…Duarte et al (2012), testing this anthelmintic in Northern Minas Gerais State, Southeastern Brazil, achieved efficacy ranging from 90% to 100%. However, Leathwick et al (2012) observed resistance to this anthelmintic (efficacy<70%) in New Zealand sheep and George et al (2011) observed efficacies from 53% to 81% in sheep from Trinidad and Tobago.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pereira et al (2008) evaluating this anthelmintic in goats and sheep from Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, reported a reduction of only 14.2% and 20.7%, respectively. However, George et al (2011) evaluated Ivermectine in sheep from Trinidad and Tobago getting 95-97% of FECR, classifying it effective. Lima et al (2010b) in Pernambuco State, Brazil, observed that Ivermectine showed an efficacy of 67.33% in goats, indicating resistance, although in sheep it presented 100% efficacy, which characterized it highly effective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE IN SMALL RUMINANTS FROM THE SEMIARID OF PARAÍBA STATE, BRAZIL/Resistência anti-helmíntica em pequenos ruminantes do semiárido da Paraíba, Brasil

Melo¹,

Vilela²,

Feitosa³

et al. 2013

Ars Vet

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Efficacy of commonly used anthelmintics: First report of multiple drug resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in Trinidad

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Field evaluation of the efficacy of common anthelmintics used in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in Dabat district, Northwest Ethiopia

Field evaluation of the efficacy of common anthelmintics used in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in Dabat district, Northwest Ethiopia

Study on utilization and efficacy of commonly used anthelmintics against gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected sheep in North Gondar, North-Western Ethiopia

ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE IN SMALL RUMINANTS FROM THE SEMIARID OF PARAÍBA STATE, BRAZIL/Resistência anti-helmíntica em pequenos ruminantes do semiárido da Paraíba, Brasil

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