Efficacy of citric acid denture cleanser on the Candida albicansbiofilm formed on poly(methyl methacrylate): effects on residual biofilm and recolonization process

Abstract

BackgroundIt is well known that the use of denture cleansers can reduce Candida albicans biofilm accumulation; however, the efficacy of citric acid denture cleansers is uncertain. In addition, the long-term efficacy of this denture cleanser is not well established, and their effect on residual biofilms is unknown. This in vitro study evaluated the efficacy of citric acid denture cleanser treatment on C. albicans biofilm recolonization on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) surface.MethodsC. albicans biofilms were developed for 72 h on PMMA resin specimens (n = 168), which were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 cleansing treatments (CTs) overnight (8 h). CTs included purified water as a control (CTC) and two experimental groups that used either a 1:5 dilution of citric acid denture cleanser (CT5) or a 1:8 dilution of citric acid denture cleanser (CT8). Residual biofilms adhering to the specimens were collected and quantified at two time points: immediately after CTs (ICT) and after cleaning and residual biofilm recolonization (RT). Residual biofilms were analyzed by quantifying the viable cells (CFU/mL), and biofilm architecture was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Denture cleanser treatments and evaluation periods were considered study factors. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test (α = 0.05).ResultsImmediately after treatments, citric acid denture cleansing solutions (CT5 and CT8) reduced the number of viable cells as compared with the control (p < 0.01). However, after 48 h, both CT groups (CT5 and CT8) showed biofilm recolonization (p < 0.01). Residual biofilm recolonization was also detected by CLSM and SEM analysis, which revealed a higher biomass and average biofilm thickness for the CT8 group (p < 0.01).ConclusionCitric acid denture cleansers can reduce C. albicans biofilm accumulation and cell viability. However, this CT did not prevent biofilm recolonization.

In Vitro Effectiveness of a Terpenic Denture Cleanser on Old Biofilm Surfaces

“…The results revealed that all of the cleaning treatments significantly differed from the baseline (control group). This information confirms findings obtained in other studies . The terpenic cleanser resulted in the lowest percentage of biofilm, followed by Eci Clean, whereas Fitty Dent resulted in the highest post‐treatment biofilm rates.…”

“…4,11 Antimicrobial properties of denture cleansers have been demonstrated in many studies, 3,[12][13][14][15][16] but they seem not to effectively remove biofilm and prevent re-colonization of the denture surface. 14,17,18 Because of growth in the elderly population, 3,10 dentures and denture cleansers are being used by an increasingly large base of users of the specialized healthcare market. Typically recommended as an auxiliary denture care method, denture cleansers can also be suggested as the main technique for denture cleaning in elderly patients in long-term care hospitals.…”

Bacterial adhesion mechanisms on dental implant surfaces and the influencing factors

“…Although the mechanism of biofilm removal is unknown, it could be due to the adsorption of CA on titanium surface under certain pH could form "acid clusters" (i.e. aggregation of molecules) [139], that enable the disruption of calcium-ion bridges which is the chemical binding sites within the biofilm connecting the EPS polymeric chains [140]. Further investigation is necessary.…”

Efficacy of a novel antimicrobial peptide against periodontal pathogens in both planktonic and polymicrobial biofilm states

“…Chlorhexidine is another potent anti-plaque chemical agent but its clinical application is limited by bitter taste and teeth stain [13,14]. Therefore, development of alternative treatments is in urgent need to remove periodontal pathogens [15][16][17].…”