Efficacy of Ciprofloxacin in the Treatment of Chronic Typhoid Carriers

Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Antimicrobial Management of Invasive Salmonella Infections

“…The choice of antimicrobial depends on the susceptibility of the strain. Ampicillin or amoxicillin, sometimes combined with probenecid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and fluoroquinolones have been used with some success (583)(584)(585)(586)(587)(588)(589)(590)(591). Cholecystectomy can be considered if antimicrobials fail, but the surgery can carry risks, and there should be additional indications for operation.…”

In vitro activities of tosufloxacin, temafloxacin, and A-56620 against pathogens of diarrhea

“…In this study, we compared the in vitro activities of several newer quinolones, tosufloxacin, temafloxacin (A62254; A63004 HCI), A-56620, and difloxacin (A-56619), with those of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. In addition, the in vitro activity of a newer macrolide, clarithromycin (A-56268; TE-031), was compared with that of erythromycin against Campylobacter spp., the leading cause of bacterial diarrhea in some studies (1 Ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin have been used successfully in the prevention and treatment of traveler's diarrhea (3,9,12) and in certain problems in salmonellosis, such as salmonella osteomyelitis and arthritis (2), enteric fever (13), and the chronic carriage state (5,8). Newer quinolones, such as difloxacin, temafloxacin, and tosufloxacin, with good in vitro activity and favorable pharmacokinetics may also be useful in these instances.…”

An evidence‐based review of current guidelines for the public health control of typhoid in Australia: a case for simplification and resource savings

“…9 These recommend ciprofloxacin 500 mg orally, twice daily for 14 days (15 mg/kg for children), and for organisms with reduced susceptibility, ceftriaxone 3 g IV daily until susceptibility results are known, after which amoxicillin, cotrimoxazole or chloramphenicol may be used. Evidence supports use of ciprofloxacin over amoxicillin or cotrimoxazole, given its higher cure rate (95-100%), similar eradication rate for the carrier state (75% vs. 58-90%), 10,11 and low rates of relapse and adverse events. 12 Ceftriaxone has a similar safety profile to amoxicillin and a higher cure rate.…”

“…Cure rates with ciprofloxacin in chronic carriers are approximately 75%. 10,11 Biliary and urinary stasis are associated with carriage of S.typhi 20 and removal of gallstones or surgery for urinary anomalies can clear the organism, hence the recommendation to assess gallbladder function or the urinary tract is justified.…”