Efficacy of chloroquine plus primaquine treatment and pfcrt mutation in uncomplicated falciparum malaria patients in Rangamati, Bangladesh

Kawai, Atsuko; Arita, Namie; Matsumoto, Yasuyo; Kawabata, Masato; Chowdhury, M. Stephen; Saito-Ito, Atsuko

doi:10.1016/j.parint.2011.05.007

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Similarly, Pakistan shares international borders with Rajasthan and Gujarat, which reports the fixation of the SVMNT haplotype with similar pfcrt -flanking loci in both countries (Mallick et al, 2012; Rawasia et al, 2012). On the other hand, countries sharing a border with northeast India, such as Nepal, Bangladesh, and Myanmar, reports higher frequency of CVIET (Banjara et al, 2011; Kawai et al, 2011; Mohapatra et al, 2005). It is worth putting the South Asia-Southeast Asia migration corridor in perspective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsatellite analysis of chloroquine resistance associated alleles and neutral loci reveal genetic structure of Indian Plasmodium falciparum

Mallick¹,

Sutton²,

Singh³

et al. 2013

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Efforts to control malignant malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum are hampered by the parasite’s acquisition of resistance to antimalarial drugs, e.g., chloroquine. This necessitates evaluating the spread of chloroquine resistance in any malaria-endemic area. India displays highly variable malaria epidemiology and also shares porous international borders with malaria-endemic Southeast Asian countries having multi-drug resistant malaria. Malaria epidemiology in India is believed to be affected by two major factors: high genetic diversity and evolving drug resistance in P. falciparum. How transmission intensity of malaria can influence the genetic structure of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum population in India is unknown. Here, genetic diversity within and among P. falciparum populations is analyzed with respect to their prevalence and chloroquine resistance observed in 13 different locations in India. Microsatellites developed for P. falciparum, including three putatively neutral and seven microsatellites thought to be under a hitchhiking effect due to chloroquine selection were used. Genetic hitchhiking is observed in five of seven microsatellites flanking the gene responsible for chloroquine resistance. Genetic admixture analysis and F-statistics detected genetically distinct groups in accordance with transmission intensity of different locations and the probable use of chloroquine. A large genetic break between the chloroquine-resistant parasite of the Northeast-East-Island group and Southwest group (FST = 0.253, P<0.001) suggests a long period of isolation or a possibility of different origin between them. A pattern of significant isolation by distance was observed in low transmission areas (r = 0.49, P=0.003, N = 83, Mantel test). An unanticipated pattern of spread of hitchhiking suggests genetic structure for Indian P. falciparum population. Overall, the study suggests that transmission intensity can be an efficient driver for genetic differentiation at both neutral and adaptive loci across India.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsatellite analysis of chloroquine resistance associated alleles and neutral loci reveal genetic structure of Indian Plasmodium falciparum

Mallick¹,

Sutton²,

Singh³

et al. 2013

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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“…The same trend was observed during a follow-up study of the two mentioned drugs in 2003, in Pissy, a neighbourhood in the capital city Ouagadougou (urban area) with LTF levels of 69.5% for CQ and 14.6% for SP[13]. These data, combined with others from several malaria endemic countries, show the real state of resistance to these drugs, which have been used for a long time as first and second line drug treatments for uncomplicated malaria in many malaria endemic countries throughout the world[14,15]. This raises a major point about the emergence of the need for a change in drug policy to a more effective one, such as combination therapy, which is recommended by the WHO guidelines in many malaria-endemic areas[16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies to malaria vaccine candidates are associated with chloroquine or sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine treatment efficacy in children in an endemic area of Burkina Faso

Diarra

Nébié

Tiono

et al. 2012

Malar J

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Background Patient immune status is thought to affect the efficacy of anti-malarial chemotherapy. This is a subject of some importance, since evidence of immunity-related interactions may influence our use of chemotherapy in populations with drug resistance, as well as assessment of the value of suboptimal vaccines. The study aim was to investigate relationship between antibodies and anti-malarial drug treatment outcomes. Methods Some 248 children aged 0.5 and 15 years were recruited prior to the high malaria transmission season. Venous blood (5 ml) was obtained from each child to measure antibody levels to selected malaria antigens, using ELISA. Blood smears were also performed to assess drug efficacy and malaria infection prevalence. Children were actively followed up to record clinical malaria cases. Results IgG levels to MSP3 were always higher in the successfully treated group than in the group with treatment failure. The same observation was made for GLURP but the reverse observation was noticed for MSP1-19. Cytophilic and non-cytophilic antibodies were significantly associated with protection against all three antigens, except for IgG4 to MSP1-19 and GLURP. Conclusion Acquired anti-malarial antibodies may play an important role in the efficacy of anti-malarial drugs in younger children more susceptible to the disease.

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“…Bray et al reported that PQ and TQ act synergistically with CQ in vitro against the CQ resistant (CQR) K1 strain, with no effect observed against the CQ sensitive (CQS) D10 strain [33], and that PQ analogues lacking the aminoalkyl side chain of PQ do not synergize with CQ. While this synergistic effect has not been quantified clinically or in vivo , there is some preliminary evidence that CQ combined with PQ can lead to decreased treatment failure rates against uncomplicated CQR P. falciparum [34,35]. PQ-CQ synergy has also been proposed in treatment of CQR cases of P. vivax in Thailand [8,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytostatic versus cytocidal profiling of quinoline drug combinations via modified fixed-ratio isobologram analysis

Gorka

Jacobs

Roepe

2013

Malar J

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BackgroundDrug combination therapy is the frontline of malaria treatment. There is an ever-accelerating need for new, efficacious combination therapies active against drug resistant malaria. Proven drugs already in the treatment pipeline, such as the quinolines, are important components of current combination therapy and also present an attractive test bank for rapid development of new concepts.MethodsThe efficacy of several drug combinations versus chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains was measured using both cytostatic and cytocidal potency assays.ConclusionsThese screens identify quinoline and non-quinoline pairs that exhibit synergy, additivity, or antagonism using the fixed-ratio isobologram method and find tafenoquine – methylene blue combination to be the most synergistic. Also, interestingly, for selected pairs, additivity, synergy, or antagonism defined by quantifying IC50 (cytostatic potency) does not necessarily predict similar behaviour when potency is defined by LD50 (cytocidal potency). These data further support an evolving new model for quinoline anti-malarials, wherein haem and haemozoin are the principle target for cytostatic activity, but may not be the only target relevant for cytocidal activity.

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Efficacy of chloroquine plus primaquine treatment and pfcrt mutation in uncomplicated falciparum malaria patients in Rangamati, Bangladesh

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Microsatellite analysis of chloroquine resistance associated alleles and neutral loci reveal genetic structure of Indian Plasmodium falciparum

Microsatellite analysis of chloroquine resistance associated alleles and neutral loci reveal genetic structure of Indian Plasmodium falciparum

Antibodies to malaria vaccine candidates are associated with chloroquine or sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine treatment efficacy in children in an endemic area of Burkina Faso

Cytostatic versus cytocidal profiling of quinoline drug combinations via modified fixed-ratio isobologram analysis

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