Efficacy of Ca2+- or PO43−-conjugated mesoporous silica nanoparticles on dentinal tubule occlusion: an in-vitro assessment

Abstract

Background: Maintaining a long-term biological effect of dental materials on dentinal tubule occlusion is one of the great technical challenges in dental clinics. In addition to physical treatment, chemical treatment to produce insoluble precipitates to seal dentinal tubules has been used. As dentin is mostly composed of calcium and phosphate complexes, in this study, we have developed a novel tubule-occluding material [Ca 2+ /PO 4 3− @mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs)] by separately conjugating either Ca 2+ or PO 4 3− with MSNs. Methods:The shape and structure of the MSNs were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface morphology and chemical compositions of Ca 2+ @MSNs/PO 4 3− @MSNs and Ca 2+ /PO 4 3− @MSNs were examined using SEM and X-ray fluorescence (XRF).The element distribution of Ca 2+ /PO 4 3− @MSNs was detected using energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS).The sustained release ability of Ca 2+ @MSNs/PO 4 3− @MSNs was detected using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The efficacy of Ca 2+ /PO 4 3− @MSNs on dentinal tubule sealing was evaluated using SEM, and the results were analyzed by Image-Pro software to determine the best waterpowder ratio. We also compared the sealing efficacy between Ca 2+ /PO 4 3− @MSNs and NovaMin, which is currently used in clinics, under the simulated conditions of oral acidic corrosion and mechanical friction.Results: Ca 2+ /PO 4 3− @MSNs are a new type of tubule-occluding material with sustained release properties.The ratio of Ca 2+ @MSNs: PO 4 3− @MSNs: H 2 O =0.015 g: 0.015 g: 150 μL exhibited an excellent sealing effect on dentinal tubules as well as resistance to oral acid corrosion and daily oral friction. Conclusions:The novel dental material Ca 2+ /PO 4 3− @MSNs demonstrates potential long-term effectiveness in sealing dentinal tubules and reducing dentin sensitivity, which is one of the most important problems in dental clinics.

Oyster shell-derived nano-hydroxyapatite and proanthocyanidin pretreatment on dentinal tubule occlusion and permeability before and after acid challenge—an in vitro study

“…In addition, the subtle roughening of peritubular dentin caused by the acidic remineralizing agent might have enhanced the micromechanical bonding of the mineralized precipitate to the dentin. These results can be related to the findings of Yu et al who advocated the use of an acidic remineralizing agent [ 35 ]. However, a previous study had shown that although avian chicken eggshell-derived nHAp exhibited similar DP as CPP-ACP, its tubule occluding potential and acid resistance were significantly superior to CPP-ACP.…”

Nanotechnology in toothpaste: Fundamentals, trends, and safety

“…Both NSF and NaF demonstrated effectiveness in tooth remineralization. ZnONPs [ 104 ] Antimicrobial Addition of ZnO NPs in toothpaste ad concentration of 1 % shows significant antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans NaNbO3/ZnO [ 105 ] Antimicrobial/whitening NaNbO 3 /ZnO effectively degrade organic dyes that covered tooths and shows antibacterial capability against Escherichia coli ZnONPs [ 106 ] Antimicrobial/whitening ZnO NP toothpaste effectively degrade oral biofilm formed on tooth ZnONPs/F doped bioactive glass/TiO 2 Abrasion The restorative materials showed an insignificant difference in terms of micro-hardness before and after the treatment with all dentifrices SiO 2 /Chitosan [ 107 ] Increase retention time in oral mucosal surfaces Addition of Surface medicated SiO2 NPs with some material such as chitosan, phenylboronic acid, and acryloyl groups caused to toothpaste retain in oral cavity for longer time after toothbrushing Ca 2+ /PO 4 3− @Mesopore SiO 2 [ 108 ] Remineralization Ca 2+ /PO 4 3− @MSNs occlude tubules and sustained release Ca 2+ /PO 4 3− l -arginine-containing mesopore SiO 2 [ 109 ] Anti caries l -arginine released in a sustained way from Mesopore SiO 2 and diffused out from the dental adhesive, effectively contributing to the reduction of the bacteria. Ag NPs [ 110 ] Remineralization Ag NPs inhibit 100 % microorganism growth, Ag NPs promoted remineralization tooth enamel with initial caries-like lesion and bactericidal activity Ag NPs/calcium phosphate NPs [ 111 ] Anti biofilm/Remineralization Decreased biofilm viability and lactic ...…”

Acidic Monetite Complex Paste with Bleaching Property for In-depth Occlusion of Dentinal Tubules

“…7,8 Based on this theory, the main strategy to treat DH is to reduce dentin permeability by blocking/occluding dentinal tubules. [9][10][11] Current materials for dentinal tubule occlusion include sodium fluoride/stannous fluoride, [12][13][14] strontium chloride/acetate, 15,16 potassium oxalate, [17][18][19] arginine, 20,21 calcium phosphate and its composites, [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] bioglass and silicates, [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] laser, 44,45 gallic acid (tannin)/Fe 3+ complex, 47,48 amyloid-like aggregation coating, 49 and selfassembly peptide. 51 Although some of these demonstrate clinical effectiveness in tooth desensitization, no treatment regimen presently exhibits long-lasting efficiency in treating DH.…”