Efficacy of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from Larrea tridentata against Clavibacter michiganensis

Abstract

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from plant extracts is simple, fast and environmentally friendly. In this study, an aqueous extract of fresh leaves from Larrea tridentata was evaluated as a possible source of reducing and stabilizing agents to obtain AgNPs. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, revealing the metallic nature of Ag nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies showed spherical nanoparticles with sizes below 28 nm. Furthermore, its bactericidal effect against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) infection in tomato plants was determined. Forty-two days after inoculation with Cmm, the disease incidence in plants with AgNPs did not exceed 20% at 50 mg L −1 , and it also reduced disease severity by 36%, which correlates with the inhibition of bacterial growth in the tissue (up to 95%). The physiological analysis also showed the growth-promoting effect of AgNPs in diseased plants, increasing shoot length (22.1%) and root dry weight (25.73%) compared with the pathogenic control. Congruently, AgNPs increased enzyme activity for CAT, APX, POD, and total phenol and flavonoid concentrations in the leaves. Slower symptom development and reduction in bacterial growth in AgNPs-treated plants could be due to this bactericidal activity and the induction of an antioxidative protection system.

Inhibition of Phytopathogenic and Beneficial Fungi Applying Silver Nanoparticles In Vitro

“…Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were obtained according to the methodology proposed by [ 18 ]. The nanoparticle characterization was carried out through powder X-ray diffraction, in a Rigaku Ultima IV diffractometer using radiation CuKα (λ = 1.5418 Å) at 40 kV and 44 mA, at a scanning speed of 0.02 (2θ/s).…”

“…Aqueous extracts from L. trindentata have proven to be excellent reducers of AgNO 3 . They contain compounds such as phenolic lignans, saponins, flavonoids, amino acids, and minerals, which can substitute toxic compounds in addition to acting as stabilizing agents, allowing the synthesis of functional nanoparticles [ 18 ].…”

Phytochemical Compounds and Pharmacological Properties of Larrea tridentata

“…For their part, Méndez-Andrade et al (2021) used an aqueous extract from L. tridentata leaves as a source for reducing and stabilizing agents to obtain silver nanoparticles, which exert bactericidal activity against Clavibacter michiganensis . The authors reported that, at a concentration of 50 mg/L, disease incidence did not exceed 20%, and disease severity was reduced by 36% [ 78 ].…”

Determination of Bactericidal Potential of Green Based Silver and Zinc Nanoparticles against Bacterial Canker of Tomato

“…Aqueous extracts of Larrea tridentata was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles against C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis that proved effective with lowest disease incidence (Méndez-Andrade et al, 2022). Plant extracts of Thymus syriacus was used to form ZnO nanoparticles and their antibacterial activity was checked against plant pathogenic bacteria (Sahin et al, 2022).…”