Efficacy of Basella alba and Tribulus terrestris extracts for production of monosex Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Abstract

The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Basella alba and Tribulus terrestris for induction of masculinisation in Nile tilpia. B. alba leaves and T. terrestris seeds were extracted with water, ethanol, methanol, dichloromethane, hexane and successive methanol and mixed sex juveniles of Nile tilapia were subjected to dietary treatment with the extracts at the concentration of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 gm/kg feed. Treatment with both the plants showed no adverse effect on general fish health. There was no significant interaction effects (P>0.05) of solvent and concentration, and solvent and plant material for percentage of males. But, significant interaction effect (P<0.05) of concentration and plant material was observed for percentage of males. Also, there was significant interaction effect (P<0.05) of solvent, concentration and plant material for percentage of males. For dietary administration of B. alba leaves, the highest percentage of males (83.2±0.7) was obtained by treatment with ethanol extract at the concentration of 1.0 gm/kg feed. For all the solvents, the highest percentage of males was observed at the concentration of 1.0 gm/kg. But, in treatment with T. terrestris seeds, the highest percentage of males (88.9±1.1) was obtained with ethanol extract at the concentration of 1.5 gm/kg feed, which was also the highest percentage of males for all the treatment categories.

Sex‐Reversal Effect of Dietary Aloe vera (Liliaceae) on Genetically Improved Farmed Nile Tilapia Fry

“…Our results revealed a dosedependent masculinization effect of dietary A. vera on Nile Tilapia fry, with the highest percentage of males observed at the highest (4.0%) dosage. Similar to our findings, saponin extracts from the soapbark tree (Francis et al 2002;Stadtlander et al 2008), fenugreek (Stadtlander et al 2008), Tribulus terrestris (Omitoyin et al 2013;Ghosal and Chakraborty 2014b;Ghosal et al 2015), and velvet bean Mucuna pruriens incorporated into the diets of Nile Tilapia larvae reportedly shifted the normal 1:1 sex ratio in favor of males, and higher percentages of males were recorded at higher concentrations. Interestingly, red kwao krua Butea superba root extracts (Kiriyakit 2014), moringa (Ampofo-Yeboah 2013), and papaya seeds (Ampofo-Yeboah 2013) in tilapia feed reportedly produced male percentages similar to those obtained by use of a synthetic sexreversal hormone (17α-methyltestosterone).…”

“…Currently, there is inadequate information on the potential use of medicinal plants in generating monosex tilapia populations in production systems. However, Ceylon spinach (Ghosal and Chakraborty 2014a;Ghosal et al 2015), soybean Glycine max (El-Sayed et al 2012), soapbark tree Quillaja saponaria (Francis et al 2002), Tribulus terrestris (Omitoyin et al 2013), and fenugreek (Stadtlander et al 2008) extracts reportedly shifted the sex ratio in favor of male tilapia when administered through diets. Meanwhile, moringa Moringa oleifera (Ampofo-Yeboah 2013), papaya Carica papaya (Abdelhak et al 2013;Ampofo-Yeboah 2013), and Chinese hibiscus Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Jegede 2010) extracts presented direct effects on gonad morphology and delayed maturation in tilapias.…”

The effects of four plant extracts on growth, sex reversal, immunological and haemato‐biochemical parameters in Nile tilapia, Oreochmomis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

“…After completion, the water levels in the ponds were increased to about 1 m. Three‐day‐old mixed‐sex Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) juveniles (mean weight 0.025 ± 0.009 g; mean length 12.50 ± 0.12 mm, collected from Fish Hatchery of Government of West Bengal, India) were then released in each pond at a density of 20,000 fish/ha in triplicate for each treatment groups. Extraction solvent and treatment concentration for each of the plant material in this study were selected on the basis of our previous experiments (Ghosal & Chakraborty, 2020; Ghosal et al., 2015; Mukherjee et al., 2018), where Nile tilapia juveniles were fed diets fortified with different concentrations of the plant extracts and the solvent extract and concentration which produced the highest male percentage (>80%) for respective plant material was selected as treatment dosage for the present study. The concentration for MT treatment was also based on our earlier observation (Chakraborty, et al., 2011).…”

“…Dietary supplementation with Aloe vera powder was observed to increase male percentage (Gabriel et al., 2017), and improve growth, feed utilization and haemato‐biochemical parameters (Gabriel, et al., 2015) of genetically improved farmed Nile tilapia. Results from our earlier studies indicated the efficacy of B. alba , T. terrestris , M. pruriens and A. racemosus for production of monosex tilapia and dietary administration of ethanol extract of B. alba leaves (1.0 g/kg), ethanol extract of T. terrestris seeds (2.0 g/kg), methanol extract of M. pruriens seeds (0.2 g/kg) and methanol extract of A. racemosus roots (0.2 g/kg) for 30 days produced more than 80% male tilapia (Ghosal & Chakraborty, 2020; Ghosal et al., 2015; Mukherjee et al., 2018). But no study has been performed to analyse the growth and immune status of monosex tilapia produced through dietary treatment with solvent extracts of those plant materials.…”

Effect of three natural phytochemicals supplementation on growth performance, testosterone level and feed utilization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

“…The dietary T. terrestris with Nile tilapia, O. niloticus , fry increased male percentage to 85.7% using 2.5 g T. terrestris g/kg diet (Omitoyin, Ajani, & Sadiq, ) and 64.48% using 1.2 g/kg diet (Omar, Yousef, Srour, & Mansour, ). Also, feeding Nile tilapia fry with T. terrestris ethanol extract (1.5 g/kg) produced 88.9% males of total offspring (Ghosal, Mukherjee, Hancz, & Chakraborty, ).…”