Efficacy of Bacillus subtilis, Moringa oleifera seeds extract and potassium bicarbonate on Cercospora leaf spot on sugar beet

Sehsah, Mohamed D.; El-Kot, Gabr A.; El-Nogoumy, Baher A.; Alorabi, Mohammed; El-Shehawi, Ahmed M.; Salama, Nagwa Hassan; El-Tahan, Amira M.

doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.11.039

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Examination using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also demonstrated that Bacillus subtilis induced plasmolysis and lysis of conidiophores and conidia of E. betae. This finding is in line with the demonstration from several similar cases with phytopathogenic fungi, reported previously, which indicated that B. subtilis secretes fungal cell-degrading enzymes including b-1, 3-gluconase, and protease [ 12 , 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Several eco-friendly strategies have been developed to manage various diseases as alternative means for these chemical fungicides. Samples enclose environmentally pleasant chemicals such as potassium bicarbonate, commercially named Armicarb ® , magnesium sulfate, copper sulfate, and potassium oxide [ 11 , 12 ], plant oils, and plant extracts, such as Moringa oleifera plant excerpt [ 12 , 13 ], or the use of microorganisms such as Bacillus megaterium and Trichoderma album , whether as cultural filtrates or as a suspension [ 12 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. At least eighty years ago, Marloth demonstrated the fungal activity of bicarbonate salts [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major biochemical changes are via the induction of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense machinery [ 24 , 25 , 27 , 28 ]. Enzymatic antioxidant defense machinery mainly relies on the activity of some enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine, ammonia-lyase, peroxidase, and other enzymes [ 12 , 14 , 29 ]. The scanning electron microscope has been used by many researchers, including Jackowiak [ 30 ] and Sehsah [ 12 ], to examine the effect of the use of some materials on the growth of pathogens and their fruit structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, products of M. oleifera (crude extracts and essential oil) showed strong antifungal activity against some plant pathogenic fungi [ 13 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Previously, we tested the efficacy of Bacillus subtilis , M. oleifera extract, and potassium bicarbonate on the necrotrophic phytopathogenic fungus Cercospora beticola , the causal agent of Cercospora leaf spot on sugar beet [ 12 ]. Our previous findings showed that the three proposed treatments significantly enhanced the total soluble solids (TSS) contents and sucrose percentage of treated sugar beet plants, as well as the enzymatic activity of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, we tested the efficacy of Bacillus subtilis , M. oleifera extract, and potassium bicarbonate on the necrotrophic phytopathogenic fungus Cercospora beticola , the causal agent of Cercospora leaf spot on sugar beet [ 12 ]. Our previous findings showed that the three proposed treatments significantly enhanced the total soluble solids (TSS) contents and sucrose percentage of treated sugar beet plants, as well as the enzymatic activity of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase [ 12 ]. However, to the best of our knowledge, the potential effect(s) of B. subtilis , M. oleifera extract, and potassium bicarbonate on the biotrophic fungus Erysiphe betae , the causal agent of sugar beet powdery mildew have been poorly studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Impacts of Potassium Bicarbonate, Moringa oleifera Seed Extract, and Bacillus subtilis on Sugar Beet Powdery Mildew

El-Nogoumy

Salem

El-Kot

et al. 2022

Plants

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Powdery mildew disease, caused by Erysiphe betae, is one of the most threatening diseases on sugar beet plants worldwide. It causes a great loss in the root yield, sugar percentage, and quality of produced sugar. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of 25 sugar beet cultivars to infection with powdery mildew disease under Egyptian conditions. Moreover, we evaluated the impacts of three eco-friendly materials, including potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3; at 5 and 10 g L−1), Moringa oleifera seed extract (25 and 50 g L−1), and the biocontrol agent, Bacillus subtilis (108 cell suspension) against E. betae in two successive seasons 2020 and 2021. Our findings showed that there were significant differences between these 25 cultivars in their susceptibility to the disease under study. Using the detached leaves technique in vitro, B. subtilis showed strong antifungal activity against E. betae. Moreover, both concentrations of KHCO3 and moringa seed extract significantly reduced the disease severity. Under field conditions, tested treatments significantly reduced the severity of powdery mildew disease and prevented E. betae from producing its conidiophores and conidia. Scanning electron microscope examination of treated leaves demonstrated the presence of the decomposition of fungal hyphae, conidiophores, conidia, and the occurrence of plasmolysis to fungal cells and spores on the surface of the leaves. Furthermore, these treatments greatly improved the percent of sucrose and soluble solids content, as well as the enzymatic activity of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. It is noteworthy that treatment with moringa seed extract gave the best results, followed by potassium bicarbonate, then B. subtilis cell suspension. Generally, it is recommended to use the substances used in this research to combat powdery mildew to minimize or prevent the use of chemical fungicides harmful to public health and the environment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%