Efficacy of Aqui‐S as an Anesthetic for Market‐Sized Striped Bass

Woods, L. Curry; Theisen, Daniel D.; He, Shuyang

doi:10.1577/a07-013.1

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The induction times to reach stage 4 anesthesia using Aqui-SE observed in this study were considerably shorter than that reported for anesthesia using eugenol-based Aqui-S by Iversen et al (2003), Woods et al (2008), andYoung (2009). Over the range of concentrations tested for Aqui-SE, induction times decreased as concentrations increased, similar to what Bowker (2006) observed in Aqui-S-exposed Rainbow Trout.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Effectiveness of Three Compounds to Anesthetize Rainbow Trout during PIT Tag Implantation Surgery

Davis

Barnes

Wilhite³

2013

N American J Fish Manag

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This study evaluated the efficacy of two potential zero‐withdrawal anesthetics, Benzoak (20% benzocaine; 50, 60, and 75 mg/L) and Aqui‐SE (50% eugenol; 50, 60, and 75 mg/L) compared with tricaine methanesulfonate (MS‐222; 55, 80, and 100 mg/L), to anesthetize Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss for PIT tag implantation surgery. In general, higher doses resulted in faster induction time to stage 4 anesthesia (defined by the cessation of reflex activity). At 204 s, the time to stage 4 anesthesia was slowest using MS‐222 at 55 mg/L, followed by 50 mg/L of either Benzoak and Aqui‐SE, which in turn were significantly slower to induce this level of anesthesia than were Benzoak or Aqui‐SE at 60 or 75 mg/L or MS‐222 at 80 mg/L. At 100 mg/L, MS‐222 had the quickest time, 57 s, to stage 4 anesthesia. Time to recovery was longest for Rainbow Trout exposed to any concentration of Aqui‐SE and shortest for MS‐222, and recovery times from Benzoak were intermediate. Although Rainbow Trout length and weight varied significantly among the treatments, time to anesthesia and recovery were more dependent on the anesthetic and concentration used. In our opinion, doses of either Benzoak or Aqui‐SE of greater than 60 mg/L will induce rapid anesthesia and provide relatively quick recovery times for adult Rainbow Trout.Received July 27, 2012; accepted January 10, 2013

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Effectiveness of Three Compounds to Anesthetize Rainbow Trout during PIT Tag Implantation Surgery

Davis

Barnes

Wilhite³

2013

N American J Fish Manag

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“…Plasma cortisol concentrations were determined using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (EIA 1887; DRG, International, Mountainside, NJ, USA), and plasma osmolality was determined using a vapor pressure osmometer (Vapro ® 5520; Wescor, Logan, UT, USA). This kit has a range of 0–800 ng/ml with a sensitivity of 2.5 ng/ml for human samples and has been validated and used successfully to measure cortisol in samples from a variety of fish species (Delaney et al., 2005; Woods et al., 2008; Owen et al., 2010; Sepici‐Dinçel et al., 2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production performance, stress tolerance and intestinal integrity of sunshine bass fed increasing levels of soybean meal

Laporte

Trushenski

2011

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Soybean meal (SBM) is perhaps the most common fish meal (FM) alternative used in aquafeeds; however, SBM cannot fully replace FM in sunshine bass Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis feeds without impacting growth. Reduced production performance may be the result of subtle changes in morphology and/or physiological status. Accordingly, our objective was to assess growth, gastrointestinal integrity and stress tolerance of sunshine bass fed increasing amounts of SBM. Fish (approximately 14.5 g) were fed diets (14% lipid and 40% protein) containing increasing amounts of SBM at the expense of FM (30% FM, 20% FM, 15% FM, 10% FM, 5% FM and 0% FM) for 8 weeks. As expected, complete replacement of FM reduced growth. Although some signs of enteritis were noted, no significant differences in gut integrity were observed. Following 15-min low-water stress challenge, plasma glucose levels were elevated, particularly among fish fed increasing amounts of SBM. Cortisol response was similar, but statistical differences were not resolved for this parameter. Completely replacing FM in feeds for sunshine bass elicits overt reductions in growth. More subtle physiological changes may also result from FM replacement, including alterations in stress tolerance, and these may be important to consider in terms of the suitability of aquafeed formulations and optimal nutrition of sunshine bass.

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“…Although neither meter has been validated in cobia, per se , both have generated useful comparative stress response data in cobia in the previous research (Trushenski et al., 2010). The cortisol kit used has a range of 0–800 ng/ml with a sensitivity of 2.5 ng/ml for human samples and has been validated and used successfully to measure cortisol in samples from a variety of fish species (Delaney et al., 2005; Woods et al., 2008; Owen et al., 2010; Sepici‐Dinçel et al., 2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amending reduced fish‐meal feeds with marine lecithin, but not soy lecithin, improves the growth of juvenile cobia and may attenuate heightened responses to stress challenge

Trushenski

Schwarz

Pessoa³

et al. 2011

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Sparing of marine resources in aquafeeds can be environmentally and economically advantageous; however, fish meal (FM) replacement can affect the production performance and physiological competence. Phospholipids are increasingly understood to be involved in maintaining growth and vigour in fish and may be deficient in reduced FM formulations. Accordingly, we evaluated the growth and stress tolerance of juvenile cobia fed typical (50% FM) or reduced FM feeds (12% FM) with or without phospholipid amendment [1% marine lecithin (12% FM + Marine PL) or soy lecithin (12% FM + Soy PL)] for 6 weeks in triplicate tanks (N = 3) in a recirculation aquaculture system. The 50% FM feed yielded significantly superior growth and growth efficiency in comparison with the 12% FM and 12% FM+ Soy PL feeds, but the 12% FM+ Marine PL feed yielded comparable results to 50% FM feed. A low-water stress challenge induced elevated plasma glucose, cortisol and lactate levels in all treatments. However, a significant interaction (diet × stress) effect suggested a lesser cortisol response among fish fed the 12% FM+ Marine PL and 50% FM diets. These findings demonstrate that growth performance and, perhaps, resilience of cobia raised on reduced FM feeds may be improved by the addition of marine-origin phospholipid to the diet.

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Efficacy of Aqui‐S as an Anesthetic for Market‐Sized Striped Bass

Cited by 21 publications

References 18 publications

Effectiveness of Three Compounds to Anesthetize Rainbow Trout during PIT Tag Implantation Surgery

Effectiveness of Three Compounds to Anesthetize Rainbow Trout during PIT Tag Implantation Surgery

Production performance, stress tolerance and intestinal integrity of sunshine bass fed increasing levels of soybean meal

Amending reduced fish‐meal feeds with marine lecithin, but not soy lecithin, improves the growth of juvenile cobia and may attenuate heightened responses to stress challenge

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