Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis against ventilator-associated pneumonia

Mirtalaei, N.; Farazi, Aliasghar; Monfared, Mohsen Ebrahimi; Jokar, Abolfazl

doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2018.08.017

Cited by 25 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Although studies have shown that long-term prophylactic use of antibiotics can lead to changes in pathogen resistance, other studies have confirmed that early (<7 days) empirical use of antibiotics in ICU can reduce the incidence of VAP (Dahyot-Fizelier et al, 2018; Evans et al, 2018). A study has shown that β-lactam antibiotics, such as piperacillin-tazobactam, can reduce the incidence of early VAP, but have little effect on the incidence of late VAP (Mirtalaei et al, 2019). Oral care can reduce the reproduction of oral and pharyngeal colonization bacteria.…”

Section: Prevention Of Vapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Critically III Patients

Zhang

et al. 2019

Front. Pharmacol.

136

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Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), a hospital acquired pneumonia that occurs more than 48 h after mechanical ventilation, is a common complication of mechanical ventilation with a high mortality rate. VAP can cause patients to have difficulty weaning off the ventilator and to stay in the hospital longer, which results in a huge financial burden to patients and a huge demand for medical resources. Several strategies, such as drugs including chlorhexidine, β-lactam antibiotics and probiotics, have been used to prevent VAP in clinic. The incidence and the mortality rate of VAP have been decreased with the development of preventative strategies in the past decades, but VAP remains one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections and death in the intensive care unit. Current challenges in the management of VAP involved the lack of a gold standard for diagnosis, the absence of effective preventative strategies, and the rise in antibiotic resistance. Therefore, in order to reduce the incidence of VAP and improve the outcome of patients with mechanical ventilation, it is necessary to clarify the risk factors of VAP for clinical prevention and control of VAP. This paper reviews the international risk factors of VAP occurrence reported in recent years, including patient characteristics, increased mechanical ventilation time and prolonged length of hospital stay, disorders of consciousness, burns, comorbidities, prior antibiotic therapy, invasive operations, gene polymorphisms, and mentions the corresponding preventive measures. Each factor is not only an independent risk factor of VAP, but also has an influence on each other. A better understanding of risk factors for VAP is helpful for predicting the occurrence of VAP, improving the prevention and control of VAP, and reducing the morbidity and mortality rates of patients with VAP.

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Section: Prevention Of Vapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Critically III Patients

Zhang

et al. 2019

Front. Pharmacol.

136

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“…Auch eine generelle intravenöse antimikrobielle Prophylaxe für intubierte Patienten kann nicht empfohlen werden. So kann hierdurch zwar in Studien mitunter eine Reduktion der VAP-Inzidenz erzielt werden, eine Reduktion der Sterblichkeit ließ sich jedoch bis jetzt nicht nachweisen [19]. Gleiches gilt für die intravenöse antimikrobielle Prophylaxe nach Notfallintubationen im Rahmen von Reanimationen [20] und die prophylaktische endotracheale Antibiotikavernebelung [21].…”

Section: Antimikrobielle Prophylaxeunclassified

Prävention der beatmungsassoziierten Pneumonie

Dembinski¹

2021

Journal Club AINS

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“…There are a few strategies to prevent and control VAP, namely prophylactic packages and medications, including chlorhexidine, β-lactam antibiotics, and probiotics [ 30 ]. Although the frequency of VAP occurrence has dropped in the recent years thanks to the implementation of therapeutic strategies, it still remains one of the most frequent causes of hospital infections and death of patients in critical conditions while hospitalized in ICUs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Status Disorders and Selected Risk Factors of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in Patients Treated in the Intensive Care Ward—A Retrospective Study

Ścisło

Walewska

Bodys-Cupak

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Introduction: The development of pneumonia in patients treated in intensive care wards is influenced by numerous factors resulting from the primary health condition and co-morbidities. The aim of this study is the determination of the correlation between nutritional status disorders and selected risk factors (type of injury, epidemiological factors, mortality risk, inflammation parameters, age, and gender) and the time of pneumonia occurrence in patients mechanically ventilated in intensive care wards. Material and method: The study included 121 patients with injuries treated in the intensive care ward who had been diagnosed with pneumonia related to mechanical ventilation. The data were collected using the method of retrospective analysis of patients’ medical records available in the electronic system. Results: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) occurred more frequently in patients over 61 years of age (40.4%), men (67.8%), after multiple-organ injury (45.5%), and those with a lower albumin level (86%), higher CRP values (83.5%), and leukocytes (68.6%). The risk of under-nutrition assessed with the NRS-2002 system was confirmed in the whole study group. The statistical analysis demonstrated a correlation between the leukocytes level (p = 0.012) and epidemiological factors (p = 0.035) and the VAP contraction time. Patients infected with Staphylococcus aureus had 4% of odds for the development of late VAP in comparison to Acinetobacter baumannii (p < 0.001), whereas patients infected by any other bacteria or fungi had about four times lower odds of the development of late VAP in comparison to Acinetobacter baumannii (p = 0.02). Patients with results in APACHE from 20 to 24 and from 25 to 29 had 13% and 21%, respectively, odds of the development of late VAP in comparison to patients with APACHE II scores ranging from 10 to 19 (respectively, p = 0.006; p = 0.028). Conclusions: The development of VAP is impacted by many factors, the monitoring of which has to be included in prophylactics and treatment.

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Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis against ventilator-associated pneumonia

Cited by 25 publications

References 10 publications

Risk Factors of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Critically III Patients

Risk Factors of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Critically III Patients

Prävention der beatmungsassoziierten Pneumonie

Nutritional Status Disorders and Selected Risk Factors of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in Patients Treated in the Intensive Care Ward—A Retrospective Study

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