Efficacy of an Inactivated Avian Polyomavirus Vaccine

Abstract

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Viral diseases of companion birds

“…Psittacine birds should be vaccinated with the commercially available, fully licensed vaccine Psittimune (Biomune). This inactivated vaccine is administered subcutaneously and has been proven to be safe and effective [41,42]. Generally, young birds are vaccinated starting at 5 weeks of age and are protected optimally at 2 weeks after the second vaccine.…”

Polyomaviruses of Birds: Etiologic Agents of Inflammatory Diseases in a Tumor Virus Family

“…VP4 deletion mutants of APV have been considered as vaccine candidates to be used against the APVinduced disease in parrots (39). As efficient and safe vaccines are urgently needed against the diseases caused by APV and GHPV, the VP4 deletion mutants as live-attenuated vaccines should be tested in parallel to classical vaccines based on inactivated virus (69) or recombinant vaccines based on viruslike particles (37,86).…”

A review of the most common viruses affecting Psittaciformes1

“…In non-budgerigar psittacines, detection of anti-polyomavirus antibodies in a single serum sample merely indicates a previous infection (Ritchie et al, 1997b). The demonstration of a progressively decreasing antibody titre in multiple groups of naturally infected non-budgerigar psittacines suggests that most infected birds are able to mount an effective immune response and clear the infection Wainwright et al, 1987;Ritchie et al, 1996Ritchie et al, , 1997b.…”

“…In non-budgerigar psittacines, detection of anti-polyomavirus antibodies in a single serum sample merely indicates a previous infection (Ritchie et al, 1997b). The demonstration of a progressively decreasing antibody titre in multiple groups of naturally infected non-budgerigar psittacines suggests that most infected birds are able to mount an effective immune response and clear the infection Wainwright et al, 1987;Ritchie et al, 1996Ritchie et al, , 1997b. Theoretically, polyomavirus infections in a flock could be prevented by screening all the birds for antibodies, eliminating those that are seropositive, repeatedly disinfecting all potentially contaminated surfaces in the aviary and reducing the potential for virus exposure by maintaining a completely closed aviary.…”

“…This in turn lessens the chances that the adult population will serve as a source of virus exposure for the neonates. If virus activity in the breeding aviary is reduced through vaccination, then careless avicultural practices, for example, no quarantine procedures, bringing birds from other aviaries into the nursery and allowing visitors who have had direct or indirect contact with birds access to the nursery, become the only route by which the virus enters the aviary (Ritchie et al, 1997b).…”