Efficacy of a randomized trial examining commercial weight loss programs and exercise on metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese women

Abstract

While commercial dietary weight-loss programs typically advise exercise, few provide actual programing. The goal of this study was to compare the Curves Complete 90-day Challenge (CC, n = 29), which incorporates exercising and diet, to programs advocating exercise (Weight Watchers Points Plus (WW, n = 29), Jenny Craig At Home (JC, n = 27), and Nutrisystem Advance Select (NS, n = 28)) or control (n = 20) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and weight loss. We randomized 133 sedentary, overweight women (age, 47 ± 11 years; body mass, 86 ± 14 kg; body mass index, 35 ± 6 kg/m 2 ) into respective treatment groups for 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using chi square and general linear models adjusted for age and respective baseline measures. Data are means ± SD or mean change ± 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We observed a significant trend for a reduction in energy intake for all treatment groups and significant weight loss for all groups except control: CC (−4.32 kg; 95% CI, −5.75, −2.88), WW (−4.31 kg; 95% CI, −5.82, −2.96), JC (−5.34 kg; 95% CI, −6.86, −3.90), NS (−5.03 kg; 95% CI, −6.49, −3.56), and control (0.16 kg, 95% CI, −1.56, 1.89). Reduced MetS prevalence was observed at follow-up for CC (35% vs. 14%, adjusted standardized residuals (adjres.) = 3.1), but not WW (31% vs. 28% adjres. = 0.5), JC (37% vs. 42%, adjres. = −0.7), NS (39% vs. 50% adjres. = −1.5), or control (45% vs. 55% adjres. = −1.7). While all groups improved relative fitness (mL·kg −1 ·min −1 ) because of weight loss, only the CC group improved absolute fitness (L/min). In conclusion, commercial programs offering concurrent diet and exercise programming appear to offer greater improvements in MetS prevalence and cardiovascular function after 12 weeks of intervention.Key words: diet, exercise, metabolic syndrome.Résumé : Les programmes commerciaux de perte de poids recommandent généralement la pratique de l'exercice physique, mais peu offre une programmation réelle. Comparer sur les plans du syndrome métabolique (« MetS ») et de la perte de poids le programme Curves Complete 90-day Challenge (« CC », n = 29) qui incorpore une diète et des exercices physiques aux programmes qui recommandent l'exercice physique : Weight Watchers Points Plus (« WW », n = 29), Jenny Craig At Home (« JC », n = 27) et Nutrisystem Advance Select (« NS », n = 28) ou contrôle (n = 20). On répartit aléatoirement 133 femmes sédentaires et en surpoids (âge, 47 ± 11 ans; masse corporelle, 86 ± 14 kg; indice de masse corporelle, 35 ± 6 kg/m 2 ) dans les groupes de traitement respectif pour une période de 12 semaines. On effectue l'analyse du chi-carré et on utilise les modèles linéaires généraux ajustés à l'âge et aux mesures initiales respectives. Les données présentées sont la moyenne ± l'écart-type et la variation moyenne ± intervalle de confiance (IC) 95 %. Les résultats révèlent une tendance significative vers une diminution de l'apport énergétique dans tous les groupes de traitement et une perte de poids significative dans tous les groupes à l'exception du groupe de co...

Differential Impact of Calcium and Vitamin D on Body Composition Changes in Post-Menopausal Women Following a Restricted Energy Diet and Exercise Program

“…As consistent with several previously published studies [14,15,[40][41][42][43][44] from our research group over the past ten years and has encompassed over 750 research participants, participants in this study were assigned at baseline in a block fashion according to age and body mass: (1) No dietary modification (CTL); (2) A low-calorie, higher-protein (LCHP) diet consisting of 15% carbohydrates, 55% protein, and 30% fat); or, (3) A low-calorie, higher-carbohydrate (LCHC) diet consisting of 55% carbohydrates, 15% protein, and 30% fat). Across the entire 14-week study protocol, the LCHP and LCHC diets consisted of 1200 kcal/day for 1 week and 1600 kcal/day for 9 weeks.…”

“…A priori power calculation was set at >0.80 and was based on the observed change in fat mass between diet groups from previous research in our lab utilizing similar diet and exercise interventions [14,15,40,[42][43][44]47]. This analysis revealed that a sample size of 15-20 participants per group was sufficient to detect meaningful changes (~2 kg) in fat mass between the hypoenergetic diet (LC) groups.…”

Exercise training dose differentially alters muscle and heart capillary density and metabolic functions in an obese rat with metabolic syndrome

“…, ; Baetge et al . ). However, despite the consensus on the relationship between physical exercise and health, the level of physical activity that is required to induce effective changes in the multiple chronic alterations that make up MS is currently unclear (Haskell et al .…”

“…A primary goal of the clinical management of MS is to reduce risk factors through lifestyle changes, and regular exercise is associated with a host of health benefits. Regular exercise has positive effects on obesity, metabolic dysfunctions, endothelial dysfunction and microvascular rarefaction (Machado et al 2014(Machado et al , 2016Baetge et al 2017). However, despite the consensus on the relationship between physical exercise and health, the level of physical activity that is required to induce effective changes in the multiple chronic alterations that make up MS is currently unclear (Haskell et al 2007).…”

The Issue of Coincident Weight Gaining and Fat-Loss through Exercise and Diet Planning

“…Always, exercise physiologists are attempting to convince their clients with scientific reasons. Here, current paper is aimed to open a new window for those who have time-consuming plans for losing fat and weight and weight gaining process [3,4]. All the clients want to lose their fats as their bodies become muscular and are getting in good shape.…”