Efficacy of a Novel Multiepitope Vaccine Candidate against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O and A

Chathuranga, W. A. Gayan; Hewawaduge, Chamith; Nethmini, N. A. Nadeeka; Kim, Tae‐Hwan; Kim, Ju Hun; Ahn, Young‐Hoon; Yoon, In-Joong; Yoo, Sung-Sik; Park, Jong Hyeon; Lee, Jong-Soo

doi:10.3390/vaccines10122181

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…There are distinct advantages when using QLCs as a virucidal bioactive, namely the natural properties of these QLCs make them safe for the host body and do not carry the same risks as residues of veterinary drugs. 45 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro analysis of quercetin-like compounds from mistletoe Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq as a potential antiviral agent for Newcastle disease

Mochamad,

Malarvili,

Jasmine

et al. 2023

F1000Res

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Background: Recent evidence suggests that some flavonoid compounds obtained from crude methanol extract of mistletoe leaves (Dendrophthoe pentandra L. Miq), also known as Benalu Duku (BD), have antimicrobial effects. Thus, the plant has the potential to eliminate viruses that may cause outbreaks in chicken farms. This study aimed to prove the in vitro ability of flavonoid compounds, namely quercetin-like compounds (QLCs), to eliminate field viruses, specifically the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Methods: This research was performed in two stages. An in vitro test was used with a post-test of the control groups designed at a significance of 0.05. BD leaves (5 kg) were extracted using a maceration method with methanol and then separated into hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions. The final extracted products were separated using semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to obtain QLCs. The QLCs were identified and compared with quercetin using HPLC, proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The activity of QLCs was tested in vitro against the NDV at a virulency titer of 10−5 Tissue Culture Infectious Dose 50% (TCID50) and in chicken kidney cell culture. Results: Solutions of 0.05% (w/v) QLCs were discovered to have antiviral activity against NDVs, with an average cytopathogenic effect antigenicity at a 10−5 dilution (p<0.05). Conclusions: QLCs from flavonoids from the leaves of BD have antiviral bioactivity against NDVs and may have the potential to be developed as medicinal compounds for the treatment of other human or animal viral infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro analysis of quercetin-like compounds from mistletoe Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq as a potential antiviral agent for Newcastle disease

Mochamad,

Malarvili,

Jasmine

et al. 2023

F1000Res

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“…Previous studies evaluating vaccine efficacy have commonly focused on antibody levels as a measure, overlooking the significance of T cell-mediated cellular immunity ( 22 ). However, robust T-cell responses are vital for pathogen clearance and the formation of strong memory responses ( 23 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the one hand, it is too costly to establish an adequately powered parallel group trial of FMDV infection. On the other hand, the level of virus-specific antibodies is sufficient to determine vaccine immunogenicity, which is widely accepted by researchers and farmers ( 22 , 25 ). In addition, a large number of viral particles with intact capsid structure were observed by negative staining scanning electron microscopy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of T-cell subsets in response to foot-and-mouth disease bivalent inactivated vaccine in Chinese Holstein cows

Zhang,

Wang,

Yao

et al. 2023

Microbiol Spectr

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Traditional vaccine efficacy evaluation predominantly relies on antibody levels, while the assessment of T-cell responses remains underexplored. In this study, we employed multi-parameter flow cytometry to comprehensively analyze T-cell responses in cows vaccinated against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). We categorized the cows into high and low vaccine potency groups based on antibody levels and investigated differences in T-cell responses between these groups. Phenotypic analysis revealed a significant reduction in CD4, CD8, and γδ T cells in peripheral blood following FMD vaccine inoculation, concomitant with altered CD44 expression. Intriguingly, FMD vaccination induced a marked increase in the percentage of CD4 + CD8 + double-positive (DP) T cells in cow peripheral blood. Notably, cows with high vaccine potency exhibited a significantly higher proportion of CD4 + CD8 + DP T cells compared to those with low potency post-vaccination, suggesting their potential involvement in FMD vaccine-induced immune protection, possibly through the regulation of B-cell antibody secretion. Additionally, FMD vaccination led to the generation of central memory CD4 and CD8 T cells but not γδ T cells. Our groundbreaking findings shed light on the latent function of CD4 + CD8 + DP T cells in FMD vaccine-induced immune protection and established a novel method for evaluating FMD vaccine efficacy based on T-cell responses. IMPORTANCE Vaccination plays a crucial role in the prevention and control of FMD; however, outbreaks persist occurring worldwide. Assessing the immune response to FMD vaccines is essential for effective prevention of FMD. In this study, a seven-color flow cytometry protocol was developed to systematically evaluate the T-cell response of Chinese Holstein cows vaccinated with FMD bivalent inactivated vaccine. Our findings showed that while most T-cell subsets (%) decreased post-vaccination, a significant increase was observed in CD4 + CD8 + DP T cells, which was consistent with the levels of specific foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) antibodies. These findings suggested that CD4 + CD8 + DP T cells could serve as a potential biomarker for the evaluation of cellular and humoral responses to FMDV vaccination. Additionally, we should be aware of the potential decline in cellular immunity among cattle during FMD vaccination, as this may increase the risk of other pathogen-related issues.

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“…Because of the highly conserved nature of these proteins and their role in pathogenesis and the generation of the immune response, they can be potential candidates for epitope identification in the design of a vaccine construct that can protect the canine population from fatal canine parvoviral infections [ 18 , 19 ]. Such approaches were previously used to design multi-epitope vaccines against a variety of organisms, such as Mycoplasma bovis , Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae , Leishmania donovani , Candida auris , Helicobacter pylori , Tropheryma whipplei , Klebsiella pneumonia , Elizabethkingia anopheles , Hepatitis C virus, Dengue virus, Zika virus, FMD virus, and SARS-COV-2 [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Several multi-epitope-based vaccines developed using these immunoinformatics approaches have been reported to elicit immune responses and confer significant protection in laboratory animals [ 21 , 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such approaches were previously used to design multi-epitope vaccines against a variety of organisms, such as Mycoplasma bovis , Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae , Leishmania donovani , Candida auris , Helicobacter pylori , Tropheryma whipplei , Klebsiella pneumonia , Elizabethkingia anopheles , Hepatitis C virus, Dengue virus, Zika virus, FMD virus, and SARS-COV-2 [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Several multi-epitope-based vaccines developed using these immunoinformatics approaches have been reported to elicit immune responses and confer significant protection in laboratory animals [ 21 , 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoinformatics for Novel Multi-Epitope Vaccine Development in Canine Parvovirus Infections

Paul

Jahangir²,

Hossain³

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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Canine parvovirus (CPV-2) is one of the most important pathogens of dogs of all ages, causing pandemic infections that are characterized by fatal hemorrhagic enteritis. The CPV-2 vaccine is recommended as a core vaccine for pet animals. Despite the intensive practice of active immunization, CPV-2 remains a global threat. In this study, a multi-epitope vaccine against CPV-2 was designed, targeting the highly conserved capsid protein (VP2) via in silico approaches. Several immunoinformatics methods, such as epitope screening, molecular docking, and simulation were used to design a potential vaccine construct. The partial protein sequences of the VP2 gene of CPV-2 and protein sequences retrieved from the NCBI were screened to predict highly antigenic proteins through antigenicity, trans-membrane-topology screening, an allergenicity assessment, and a toxicity analysis. Homologous VP2 protein sequences typically linked to the disease were identified using NCBI BLAST, in which four conserved regions were preferred. Overall, 10 epitopes, DPIGGKTGI, KEFDTDLKP, GTDPDDVQ, GGTNFGYIG, GTFYFDCKP, NRALGLPP, SGTPTN, LGLPPFLNSL, IGGKTG, and VPPVYPN, were selected from the conserved regions to design the vaccine construct. The molecular docking demonstrated the higher binding affinity of these epitopes with dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) molecules. The selected epitopes were linked with Salmonella enterica flagellin FliC adjuvants, along with the PADRE sequence, by GGS linkers to construct a vaccine candidate with 272 nucleotides. The codon adaptation and in silico cloning showed that the generated vaccine can be expressed by the E. coli strain, K12, and the sequence of the vaccine construct showed no similarities with dog protein. Our results suggest that the vaccine construct might be useful in preventing canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE) in dogs. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed for the validation of the vaccine candidate.

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Efficacy of a Novel Multiepitope Vaccine Candidate against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O and A

Cited by 11 publications

References 76 publications

In vitro analysis of quercetin-like compounds from mistletoe Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq as a potential antiviral agent for Newcastle disease

In vitro analysis of quercetin-like compounds from mistletoe Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq as a potential antiviral agent for Newcastle disease

Characterization of T-cell subsets in response to foot-and-mouth disease bivalent inactivated vaccine in Chinese Holstein cows

Immunoinformatics for Novel Multi-Epitope Vaccine Development in Canine Parvovirus Infections

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