Efficacy of a Media Literacy Intervention for Indoor Tanning Prevention

Cho, Hyunyi; Yu, Bing; Cannon, Julie; Zhu, Yu

doi:10.1080/10810730.2018.1500659

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…For example, providing youth with creative ways to participate in health campaigns could be a way to channel their self-expression motivation. A recent study found that production of digital counter messages by youth helped reduce risk behavior among them [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Social Media Effects on Attitudes Toward E-Cigarette Use: Motivations, Mediators, and Moderators in a National Survey of Adolescents

Cho¹,

Li²,

Shen³

et al. 2019

J Med Internet Res

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Background Exposure to risk behavior on social media is associated with risk behavior tendencies among adolescents, but research on the mechanisms underlying the effects of social media exposure is sparse. Objective This study aimed to investigate the motivations of social media use and the mediating and moderating mechanisms of their effects on attitude toward electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among adolescents. Methods Using data from a national sample survey of adolescents (age=14-17 years, N=594), we developed and validated a social media use motivation scale. We examined the roles of motivations in the effect of social media use on risk exposure and risk attitude. Results Motivations for social media use included agency, self-expression, realism, social learning, social comparison, and filter. These motivations were associated differentially with the frequency of use of Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and YouTube. Frequency of social media use was positively associated with exposure to e-cigarette messages across the four platforms ( P s<.001). Exposure to e-cigarette messages on Instagram ( P =.005) and Snapchat ( P =.03) was positively associated with attitude toward e-cigarette use. Perceived social media realism moderated the effects of e-cigarette message exposure such that when realism was high, the exposure effect was amplified, but when realism was low, the effect was mitigated ( P <.001). A three-way interaction effect ( P =.02) among exposure, social learning motivation, and social norm on attitude toward e-cigarette use was found. When perceived social norm was high, the moderating effect of social learning motivation on e-cigarette use attitude was amplified, but when social norm was low, the social learning motivation effect was attenuated. Conclusions Because perceived social media realism moderates the effect of exposure to e-cigarette messages on attitude toward e-cigarette use, future intervention efforts should address the realism perceptions. The three-way interaction among exposure, social learning motivation, and social norm indicates the importance of addressing both the online and offline social environments of adolescents. The social media use motivation scale, reflecting perceived affordances, is broadly applicable. Understanding social media use motivations is important, as they indirectly influence attitude toward e-cigarette use via frequency of social media use and/or frequency of exposure to e-cigarette messages on social media.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Social Media Effects on Attitudes Toward E-Cigarette Use: Motivations, Mediators, and Moderators in a National Survey of Adolescents

Cho¹,

Li²,

Shen³

et al. 2019

J Med Internet Res

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“…We employed this approach because the data were inconsistent with the assumptions of a Poisson or a negative binomial distribution. Similar to the Cho et al (2018) sample comprised of sorority women, this sample of college women reported two primary responses at the follow-ups: A substantial number of participants reported zero IT behavior, while a subgroup reported ten or more times IT per month. Therefore, consistent with Cho et al (2018), we transformed the number of occurrences of IT behavior to a binary response, where 1 indicated the occurrence of IT and 0 indicated no IT.…”

Section: Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As indicated above, this web-based intervention adapted the content of a previously developed and evaluated MLI (Cho et al, 2018). Because the prior intervention was delivered in-person in the field at sorority houses, the format was transformed to fit the web platform.…”

Section: The Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has found MLIs are persuasive in impacting attitudes and intentions across various domains of health (Jeong, Cho, & Hwang, 2012). Moreover, a recent fielddelivered MLI demonstrated efficacy in reducing indoor tanning behavior assessed at a sixmonth follow-up (Cho, Yu, Cannon, & Zhu, 2018). It remains unknown, however, how MLIs impact behavior.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address this gap in knowledge, this study investigates efficacy and mediators of a webbased MLI designed to reduce IT practices among young women. This web-based MLI adapted the field-based MLI of Cho et al (2018). In this study, we seek to extend prior research in the following ways.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Efficacy and Mediators of a Web-Based Media Literacy Intervention for Indoor Tanning Prevention

Cho

Song

Adams³

2020

Journal of Health Communication

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Extant media literacy interventions have been delivered in person, limiting their potential for large scale reach, implementation, and dissemination. Although emerging evidence suggests the interventions can impact behavior, the theoretical mediators that can explain the efficacy remain unknown. This study investigated the efficacy and mediators of a web-based media literacy intervention for reducing indoor tanning behavior among young women. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: a media literacy intervention with counter argument production, a media literacy intervention with counter story production, or an assessment-only control condition. The outcomes of indoor tanning behavior and intention were evaluated with 3and 6-month follow-ups. Results indicated significant effects of the web-based intervention on reducing indoor tanning behavior at the follow-ups. Changes in perceived media realism completely mediated the intervention effects on behavior. Perceived media realism, positive and negative outcome expectancies, and collective efficacy partially mediated intervention effects on intention. This study demonstrates the efficacy of a web-based media literacy intervention and the theoretical mechanisms underlying the efficacy. It indicates that by altering perceived media realism, outcome expectancies, and collective efficacy, web-based media literacy interventions could generate behavioral effects.The media frequently show positive outcomes rather than negative consequences of risk behavior (Dalton et al., 2002) and exposure to those portrayals leads to engagement in the risk behaviors such as alcohol and tobacco use (Dalton et al., 2003;Willis, Sargent, Gibbons, Gerrard, & Stoolmiller, 2009). Another area where media exposure and risk behavior are linked is indoor tanning (IT). Research has found media use is significantly associated with IT behavior among women aged 18-25 (e.g., Stapleton, Hillhouse, Coups, & Pagoto, 2016), a group that has reported higher rates IT than any other population groups (U.S. Centers for Disease Control, 2010). As IT increases the risk of melanoma (El Ghissassi et al., 2009), the fifth most prevalent cancer in the United States (Siegel, Miller, &

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Reducing exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun and indoor tanning: A meta-analysis.

Sheeran¹,

Goldstein²,

Abraham³

et al. 2020

Health Psychology

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Objective: Skin cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and rates are increasing because of global warming. This article reports a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of behavioral interventions to reduce exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). The review aimed to (a) quantify the magnitude of intervention effects on indoor tanning, sun exposure, and sunscreen use, and (b) determine which intervention strategies maximize behavior change. Method: Out of 17,437 records identified via literature searches, 190 independent tests (N ϭ 89,365) met the inclusion criteria. Sample, intervention, and methodological characteristics, and change techniques were coded, and random effects meta-analyses and metaregressions were conducted. Results: The sample-weighted average effect size across all studies was d ϩ ϭ .193 (95% confidence interval, CI [.161, .226]), and there were significant effects on indoor tanning, sun exposure, and sunscreen use (d ϩ ϭ .080, . 149, and .196, respectively). However, there was evidence of publication bias, and trim and fill analyses indicated that the corrected effects for sun exposure and sunscreen use were of very small magnitude (d ϩ ~.06) and were not significantly different from zero for indoor tanning (d ϩ ϭ Ϫ.011, 95% CI [Ϫ.096, .074]). Metaregression analyses identified several intervention strategies that predicted effect sizes. For instance, interventions delivered individually that promoted alternatives to tanning were associated with larger effect sizes for indoor tanning. Conclusion: Interventions to date have had only a modest impact on behavioral exposure to UVR. The present findings offer new insights into how the effectiveness of future interventions can be improved.

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Efficacy of a Media Literacy Intervention for Indoor Tanning Prevention

Cited by 11 publications

References 43 publications

Mechanisms of Social Media Effects on Attitudes Toward E-Cigarette Use: Motivations, Mediators, and Moderators in a National Survey of Adolescents

Mechanisms of Social Media Effects on Attitudes Toward E-Cigarette Use: Motivations, Mediators, and Moderators in a National Survey of Adolescents

Efficacy and Mediators of a Web-Based Media Literacy Intervention for Indoor Tanning Prevention

Reducing exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun and indoor tanning: A meta-analysis.

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