Efficacy of a Health-Promotion Intervention for College Students

Abstract

This interaction indicated that lifestyle differed in the intervention and control groups across the measurements at different times. Students attending the intervention presented a healthier lifestyle than did students in the control group. These results offer interesting experimental evidence to establish guidelines for the design of healthier universities.

A scoping review of risk behaviour interventions in young men

“…The number of studies targeting each risk behaviour included 27 (27%) for physical inactivity [52–78], 25 (25%) for alcohol use [65–89], 21 (21%) for unsafe sexual behaviour [51, 79–98], 5 (5%) for poor diet [99–103], 5 (5%) for unsafe vehicle driving [104–108], 4 (4%) for tobacco smoking [109–112], 2 (2%) for recreational drug use [113, 114] and 1 (1%) for tanning/sun exposure [115]. There were 10 studies (10%) that assessed multiple risk behaviours [116–125] (of these 3 studies targeted poor diet and physical inactivity [120, 122, 123], 2 studies targeted alcohol use and recreational drug use [117, 121], 1 study targeted alcohol use and unsafe sexual behaviour [118], 1 study targeted poor diet, physical inactivity and tobacco smoking [116], 1 study targeted tobacco smoking, alcohol use and recreational drug use [119], 1 study targeted alcohol use and physical inactivity [125] and 1 study targeted unsafe vehicle driving and alcohol use [124]). No studies targeted the prevention or treatment of violence, gambling or self-harm.…”

“…The interventions were conducted across several continents, with most conducted in North America (n = 63, 63%) [45, 51, 57–59, 62, 63, 68, 73–75, 77, 78, 80, 82, 85–94, 96, 97, 99–101, 103, 106, 109, 111–113, 115, 117, 118, 121–123, 125, 126, 129–147] (the majority of these were conducted in the USA n = 61). The remaining interventions were carried out in Europe (n = 18, 18%) [52, 53, 55, 56, 60, 61, 70, 81, 95, 98, 102, 104, 110, 116, 119, 127, 128, 148], Australasia (n = 8, 8%) [54, 65, 66, 105, 108, 120, 124, 149], Asia (n = 6, 6%) [64, 67, 71, 72, 107, 114], South America (n = 3, 3%) [69, 79, 83], Africa (n = 1, 1%) [76] and one intervention (1%) was implemented in multiple countries across two continents (USA, Ecuador, Peru and Brazil) [84].…”

“…Of the 100 included studies there were 62 (62%) randomized controlled trials [51–57, 59, 62–73, 75, 77, 78, 82, 84–86, 90, 92, 93, 96, 103, 105, 108, 109, 112, 113, 116, 118–120, 123–125, 127–131, 133–135, 138–140, 143–149], 16 (16%) case series [57, 60, 61, 74, 76, 80, 91, 94, 99–101, 110, 115, 117, 121, 136], 9 (9%) non-randomized controlled trials [87, 95, 98, 102, 104, 107, 122, 137, 141], 7 (7%) cluster randomized controlled trials [79, 81, 83, 111, 126, 132, 142], 4 (4%) cluster controlled studies [45, 88, 97, 114] and 2 (2%) interrupted time series [89, 106]. The number of papers for each study design and reported risk behaviour is provided in Table 3.…”

“…Interventions were implemented across a wide variety of settings with the most common being university/college settings (n = 46, 46%) [53–59, 62–66, 68, 70, 73, 75, 78, 93, 95, 96, 98–101, 103, 105, 108, 109, 112, 115, 117, 118, 121, 123–126, 129, 130, 134, 136, 137, 141, 144, 146, 147]. Other prevalent settings included military/army (n = 11, 11%) [52, 60, 61, 69, 71, 72, 104, 110, 119, 127, 128] and internet (n = 8, 8%) [45, 85, 92, 113, 132, 139, 148, 149].…”

“…The included studies most commonly used ‘face-to-face’ delivery (n = 71, 71%) [51, 53–58, 60–82, 84, 86–91, 94, 96–105, 107–110, 112, 114, 117, 121, 123–130, 133–136, 144, 146, 147]. Other modes included online (n = 8, 8%) [45, 52, 85, 113, 132, 139, 148, 149], paper (n = 5, 5%) [137, 138, 140, 142, 143], TV/video/DVD (n = 2, 2%) [92, 93] and a social marketing campaign (n = 1, 1%) [106].…”