Efficacy of a flexible schedule for administration of a Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo bacterin to beef calves

Cortese, Victor S.; Gallo, G.; Cleary, D. L.; Galvin, Jeffrey E.; Leyh, Randy D.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.75.5.507

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Other antimicrobials such as ampicillin, amoxicillin, tetracycline or third-generation cephalosporin (ceftiofur) are also used with satisfactory results [4]. Oxytetracycline is reported as effective for resolving leptospirosis in countries where streptomycin was banned to livestock, like USA and Australia [14, 15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced susceptibility in leptospiral strains of bovine origin might impair antibiotic therapy

2018

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Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease determined by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. The control of bovine leptospirosis involves several measures including antibiotic treatment of carriers. Despite its importance, few studies regarding antimicrobial susceptibility of strains from bovine origin have been conducted. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility of Leptospira strains obtained from cattle in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, against the main antibiotics used in bovine veterinary practice. A total of 23 Leptospira spp. strains were investigated for minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) using broth macrodilution. At the species level, there were not differences in MIC susceptibility except for tetracycline (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, at the serogroup level, differences in MIC were observed among Sejroe strains, mainly for ceftiofur, doxycycline and in MBC for streptomycin (P < 0.05). One strain presented MBC values above maximum plasmatic concentration described for streptomycin and was classified as presenting reduced susceptibility. Efficacy of antimicrobial therapy on bovine leptospirosis could be compromised due to occurrence of infection by Leptospira strains presenting reduced susceptibility.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced susceptibility in leptospiral strains of bovine origin might impair antibiotic therapy

2018

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“…The treatment of positive bulls, as well as the addition of antimicrobials in the sperm extenders of frozen semen, is also important to control the suggested sexual infection [21]. However, although streptomycin protocols have demonstrated efficiency in treating carriers, the prohibition of the use of this drug in the USA and Australia is a critical point [69]. Studies involving other antimicrobial drugs, such as enrofloxacin [65], oxytetracycline, and ceftiofur [69] have demonstrated promising results regarding the treatment of renal carriers but have never been tested for genital colonization.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Genital Leptospirosis: An Update of This Important Reproductive Disease

Aymée,

Mendes,

Lilenbaum

2024

Animals

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Bovine leptospirosis is an important disease that affects the reproductive sphere. Due to its high relevance for the bovine production chain in a worldwide scenario, a better understanding of the disease is crucial to reduce its negative impacts. The main agents are strains from the Sejroe serogroup, such as Hardjo and Guaricura, which lead to renal and genital infection. The genital colonization causes a chronic, silent, and subclinical reproductive syndrome, called Bovine Genital Leptospirosis (BGL). Embryonic death, estrus repetition, subfertility, and abortions are the main signs of BGL condition in females. However, although leptospires have been identified in semen, the manifestation of BGL in bulls remains to be clarified. The recommended diagnosis of BGL includes a serologic screening of the herds using the microscopic agglutination test followed by PCR of genital samples (cervicovaginal mucus, uterine fragment, or semen), especially from animals with reproductive failures. After the identification of carriers, control is carried out considering three steps: antimicrobial treatment of the carriers, environmental and reproductive management, and herd vaccination. Systematic testing, quarantine of newly arrived animals, and usage of antimicrobials in semen diluents or embryo culture media are other sanitary approaches that are encouraged to improve the control of the syndrome. Herein we discuss protocols for an efficient diagnosis and preventive procedures of BGL, which are fundamental to reducing the negative impact of the disease on cattle reproduction and its consequent economic hazards.

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“…The efficacy of some antibacterial agents is variable, and they can often result in poor clinical and/or bacteriological cure rates [ 10 , 11 ]. A typical scenario is that some cows remain as chronic renal carriers, intermittently shedding leptospires, thus re-disseminating the disease [ 6 , 12 ]. The recommended treatments are based on the combination of penicillin and streptomycin or streptomycin–tetracycline combinations [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some infections can resist this protocol [ 11 , 15 ]. In countries where the use of streptomycin is banned, oxytetracycline, tulathromycin, and ceftiofur have shown some degree of efficacy in treating leptospirosis [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Bovine Leptospirosis with Enrofloxacin HCl 2H2O (Enro-C): A Clinical Trial

Bautista

Estrada

Gutiérrez

et al. 2022

Animals

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Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics ratios of enrofloxacin HCl-2H2O (enro-C) in cows to treat bovine leptospirosis prompted this clinical trial in the highlands (HL) and the tropics (TL) in Mexico. In the HL, 111 Holstein-Friesian cows were included and 38 F1 Zebu–Holstein/Friesians in the TL. Affected cows were randomly divided into two treatment groups, both in the HL and TL. PCR and MAT tests were performed before and after treatment. Treatments in both groups were administered for 5 d with either IM injections of enro-C or streptomycin/penicillin-G. Reproductive performance data were gathered for 90 d. The cows treated with enro-C became PCR negative: 87.5% and 78.94% on day 5, 92.85% and 94.73% on day 28 (in the HL and TL, respectively). For streptomycin/penicillin-G, the same values were 65.45% and 70.90% on day 5, and 73.68% twice on day 28 in the HL and TL, respectively. In both groups and geographical settings, the MAT titers dropped on day 28 but remained above reference values usually considered negative. The gestation rates were: 86.53% and 79.06% and 88.88% and 87.5% for the HL and TL, either with enro-C or streptomycin/penicillin-G, respectively. This is the first report of successful treatment with a fluoroquinolone derivative in treating bovine leptospirosis with a high bacteriological cure rate.

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Efficacy of a flexible schedule for administration of a Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo bacterin to beef calves

Abstract: Protection in young calves was induced by vaccination with 1 or 2 doses of a serovar Hardjo bacterin.

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Reduced susceptibility in leptospiral strains of bovine origin might impair antibiotic therapy

Reduced susceptibility in leptospiral strains of bovine origin might impair antibiotic therapy

Bovine Genital Leptospirosis: An Update of This Important Reproductive Disease

Treatment of Bovine Leptospirosis with Enrofloxacin HCl 2H2O (Enro-C): A Clinical Trial

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