Efficacy of 1.5% Dish Washing Solution and 95% Lemon Water in Substituting Perilous Xylene as a Deparaffinizing Agent for Routine H and E Staining Procedure: A Short Study

Ananthaneni, Anuradha; Namala, Srilekha; Guduru, Vijay Srinivas; Ramprasad, V. V. S.; Ramisetty, Sabitha Devi; Udayashankar, Urmila; Naik, Kiran Kumar

doi:10.1155/2014/707310

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…[ 2 ] Lemon water is used to brighten the copper utensils, to remove grease and polish, and as sanitary kitchen deodorizer. [ 9 ] Coconut oil is an easily available colorless solution generally used in lotions and ointments, as hair oil, in laxatives, and for cooking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biofriendly substitutes for xylene in deparaffinization

et al. 2020

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A BSTRACT Background: Xylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon that is routinely used in histopathological laboratories. It is biohazardous and produces many toxic effects like carcinogenesis. A safer substitute for xylene is necessary to minimize its usage. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 1.7% dishwashing solution, 95% lemon water, and 100% coconut oil when compared to xylene as a deparaffinizing agent during hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Materials and Methods: Fifteen paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were selected. Four sections were made from each block. One section was stained with conventional H&E method using xylene (group A) as deparaffinizing agent and other three sections were stained with xylene-free H&E method using 1.7% dishwashing solution (group B), 95% lemon water (group C), and 100% coconut oil (group D), respectively. Slides were scored blindly by a single pathologist considering the parameters such as nuclear and cytoplasmic staining; uniformity, clarity, and crispness of staining; and presence or absence of wax retention. Results: Adequate nuclear staining was noted in 100% of sections of groups A, B, C, and D ( P < 0.001), whereas adequate cytoplasmic staining was noted in 93.33% each in groups A, C, and D when compared with 100% in group B ( P > 0.05). Uniform staining was present in 80% of groups A and B and in 73.33% of groups C and D ( P > 0.05). Clarity of staining was present in 86.66% of groups A and B and in 80% of groups C and D ( P > 0.05), whereas crispness of staining was seen in 73.33% of groups A and D, 86.66% of group B, and 80% of group C ( P > 0.05). Wax retention was noted in 20% of groups A and B, and 26.66% of groups C and D ( P > 0.05). Adequate staining for diagnosis was noted in 100% of group A sections followed by 93.33% in group B, 86.66% in group C, and 80% in group D as compared with 90% in group B ( P > 0.05). Conclusion: Dishwashing solution, lemon water, and coconut oil can be used as safer and cost-effective substitutes to xylene for deparaffinization in H&E staining procedure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Premalatha et al . [ 5 ] also used mineral oil as a deparaffinizing agent and Ananthaneni et al [ 9 ] attempted to use lemon water as a dewaxing agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofriendly substitutes for xylene in deparaffinization

et al. 2020

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“…used 1.5% DWS and 95% DLW as deparaffinizing agents in routine H and E staining and found that 1.5% DWS revealed comparatively superior uniform staining and less retention of wax compared to 95% DLW. [ 17 ] Sermadi et al . used coconut oil as an alternative in tissue processing and found it as an efficient substitute for xylene causing less shrinkage of the tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of biosafe alternatives as xylene substitutes in hematoxylin and eosin staining procedure: A comparative pilot study

Sravya

Guttikonda

Kumari

et al. 2018

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol

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“…Clearing is an important step in the production of histological sections with the aim of removing alcohol and other dehydrating fluids from tissue prior to infiltration of the embedding material, which is usually paraffin wax. Over the years, xylene which is naturally available in coal tar and petroleum has been widely used as a clearing agent chiefly because of its excellent compatibility with alcohol and paraffin wax, where it causes maximum displacement of alcohol and makes the tissue transparent thus enhancing paraffin infiltration coupled with its use as a deparaffinizing agent in staining and application of coverslip to stained slides [1,2,3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Tissue Clearing in Pre-warmed Xylene Without Compromising Staining Adequacy and Histoarchitecture

Onyegbula

Afahaene

Awolaja

et al. 2019

CJAST

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Aims: To determine the adequacy of nucleo-cytoplasmic staining characteristics and preservation of nucleo-cytoplasmic morphology of mouse liver tissue cleared in pre-warmed xylene at predetermined temperatures and durations using haematoxylin and eosin staining procedure. Study Design: Tissues for clearing were first divided into 3 broad experimental groups (A, B and C) based on pre-determined tissue clearing temperature. Each broad group were further divided into 4 sub-groups (A1 to A4, B1 to B4 and C1 to C4) based on duration of tissue clearing. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria and Department of Oral Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. January-June, 2015. Methodology: Tissues assigned to sub-groups A1 to A4 were cleared in pre-warmed xylene at 25°C for 30, 45, 60 and 90 minutes respectively, while tissues assigned to sub-groups B1 to B4 were cleared in pre-warmed xylene at 30°C for 30, 45, 60 and 90 minutes respectively and tissues assigned to sub-groups C1 to C4 were cleared in pre-warmed xylene at 35°C for 30, 45, 60 and 90 minutes respectively. As a consequence of this procedure, adequacy of nucleo-cytoplasmic staining characteristics and preservation of nucleo-cytoplasmic morphology were subsequently determined. Results: Adequacy of nuclear and cytoplasmic staining were both assessed using a 2-point grading scale of 0 being inadequate and 1 being adequate, while preservation of both nuclear and cytoplasmic morphology were also assessed using a 2-point grading scale of 0 being poorly preserved and 1 being well preserved. Adequate nuclear and cytoplasmic staining were observed in tissues cleared in pre-warmed xylene at 25°C for 45 and 60 minutes, at 30°C for 30 and 45 minutes, at 35°C for 30, 45, 60 and 90 minutes. Well preserved nuclear morphology were observed in tissues cleared in pre-warmed xylene at 25°C for 30, 45 and 60 minutes, at 30°C for 30 and 45 minutes and at 35°C for 30, 45, 60 and 90 minutes. However, only tissues cleared at 35°C for 30, 45 and 90 minutes exhibited well preserved cytoplasmic morphology. Conclusion: Adequate nucleo-cytoplasmic staining and well preserved nucleo-cytoplasmic morphology of tissues for histopathologic demonstration may be achieved rapidly by clearing tissues in 35°C pre-warmed xylene for as short as 30 minutes.

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Efficacy of 1.5% Dish Washing Solution and 95% Lemon Water in Substituting Perilous Xylene as a Deparaffinizing Agent for Routine H and E Staining Procedure: A Short Study

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

Biofriendly substitutes for xylene in deparaffinization

Biofriendly substitutes for xylene in deparaffinization

Evaluation of biosafe alternatives as xylene substitutes in hematoxylin and eosin staining procedure: A comparative pilot study

Rapid Tissue Clearing in Pre-warmed Xylene Without Compromising Staining Adequacy and Histoarchitecture

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