Efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in low birth weight and preterm infants

Shinefield, Henry R.; Black, Steven; Ray, Paula; Fireman, Bruce; Schwalbe, J.; Lewis, Edwin

doi:10.1097/00006454-200203000-00003

Cited by 159 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, conjugation of PS to protein carriers allows T cell help through recruitment of carrier-specific T cells [10][11][12][13][14] and makes the PPS immunogenic in early infancy (reviewed in [15]). Protective immunity against both invasive disease [16,17] and otitis media [18] has been demonstrated after vaccination of infants with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. In addition, pneumococcal conjugate vaccines induce PS-specific memory B cells [19][20][21], similar to what has been observed after immunization with protein antigens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early life T cell responses to pneumococcal conjugates increase with age and determine the polysaccharide‐specific antibody response and protective efficacy

et al. 2006

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Immunization with a tetanus-protein (TT) pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPS) conjugate vaccine (Pnc1-TT) induces protective immunity against lethal pneumococcal infections in neonatal and infant mice, but anti-PPS IgG response and protective efficacy is lower than in adult mice. Here, we show that reduced antibody (Ab) response and protection against infections is directly related to impaired T cell response to the carrier. Whereas spleen cells from adult mice immunized with Pnc1-TT responded with proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion to in vitro stimulation with TT, spleen cells from neonatal and infant mice did not. However, significant, but age dependent, Th2-cytokine responses were observed in mice immunized with Pnc1-TT. Impaired IFN-gamma production upon TT-stimulation in vitro was also reflected in reduced IFN-gamma/IL-5 ratio. The IL--5 response correlated with IgG anti-PPS titers, and the lack of PPS Ab in the majority of neonatal mice was clearly associated with absence of carrier-specific IL-5 production. These results show that immunization with Pnc1-TT induces carrier-specific T cell responses that increase with age and determine the levels of PPS-specific Ab elicited. Whereas a weak and Th2-biased response was observed in neonatal mice, infant mice showed a mixed Th1-Th2 response as observed in adults

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early life T cell responses to pneumococcal conjugates increase with age and determine the polysaccharide‐specific antibody response and protective efficacy

et al. 2006

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“…When the baseline disease is in remission, and immunosuppressive therapy has been suspended for a period longer than 3 months, the use of live virus vaccines may be considered. 1,16 Under the following conditions, the vaccine against varicella may be applied in patients with acute lymphoid leukemia: 1,16,17 remission for at least 1 year, peripheral blood lymphocyte and platelet counts higher than 700/mm 3 and 100,000/mm 3 , respectively. Two doses should be applied with an interval of 8 weeks between them.…”

Section: Vaccinating the Immunodeficient Childmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influenza vaccine 1 must be applied at least 3 to 4 weeks after chemotherapy has been interrupted and when the peripheral granulocyte and lymphocyte counts are higher than 1,000 cells/mm 3 . The recommendations for vaccinating the contacts are the same as those made for congenital immunodeficiencies.…”

Section: Vaccinating the Immunodeficient Childmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vacinação em situações especiais

Succi¹,

Farhat²

2006

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

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Objectives: To review the indications, contraindications and efficacy of vaccination in some special situations: immunosuppression, prematurity, pregnancy and post-exposure situations. Summary of the findings: Some special situations, such as immunosuppression, prematurity, pregnancy and exposure to infectious diseases increased the risk of diseases or adverse post-vaccination events. In these situations, special vaccines or special vaccination schedules are indicated, or vaccines should be postponed or even forbidden. In general, toxoid or inactivated vaccines can be used, considering the possibility of insufficient immune response. For immunosuppressed patients, in accordance with the type of immunosuppression, live virus or bacterial vaccines should be avoided, because of the risk of vaccine agent spread. Immunization should include not only the patient, but his/her home and day-care contacts as well.Conclusions: Knowledge about the schedule indicated for each situation improves the chances of better vaccine protection and decreases the risk of adverse events. Immunosuppressed or immunodeficient patients whose postvaccine antibody titers are not available should be considered susceptible when exposed to infectious disease, and all the available prophylactic measures should be implemented, even when the vaccination schedule is correct.

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“…En relación a convulsiones febriles benignas un estudio mostró que éstas serían más frecuentes en niños prematuros que en los de término si se administra DTP-anti-Hib con vacuna anti-neumocóccica conjugada heptavalente (Prevenar®) en forma simultánea 13 . Este fenómeno no se ha observado al utilizar vacunas anti-pertussis acelulares 12 .…”

Section: Reacciones Adversas a Vacunas En El Prematurounclassified

“…Si bien 29% tuvieron fiebre, sólo 1,9% presentó más de 39°C. La frecuencia de convulsiones febriles fue mayor en el grupo en que se usó la vacuna DTP de células enteras como vacuna simultánea que en quienes recibieron vacuna anti-pertussis acelular 13 .…”

Section: Vacuna Anti-neumocóccica Conjugadaunclassified

Vacunación del niño prematuro: Un tema a veces olvidado

2005

Rev. chil. infectol.

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Efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in low birth weight and preterm infants

Abstract: These data support the use of PCV in LBW infants and PT infants.

Cited by 159 publications

References 6 publications

Early life T cell responses to pneumococcal conjugates increase with age and determine the polysaccharide‐specific antibody response and protective efficacy

Early life T cell responses to pneumococcal conjugates increase with age and determine the polysaccharide‐specific antibody response and protective efficacy

Vacinação em situações especiais

Vacunación del niño prematuro: Un tema a veces olvidado

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