Efficacy Comparison of 16 Interventions for Myopia Control in Children

Abstract

This network analysis indicates that a range of interventions can significantly reduce myopia progression when compared with single vision spectacle lenses or placebo. In terms of refraction, atropine, pirenzepine, and progressive addition spectacle lenses were effective. In terms of axial length, atropine, orthokeratology, peripheral defocus modifying contact lenses, pirenzepine, and progressive addition spectacle lenses were effective. The most effective interventions were pharmacologic, that is, muscarinic antagonists such as atropine and pirenzepine. Certain specially designed contact lenses, including orthokeratology and peripheral defocus modifying contact lenses, had moderate effects, whereas specially designed spectacle lenses showed minimal effect.

The Current Management Strategies for Myopia Control in Children: Mini Review

“…However, all of these interventions are superior when compared to single vision spectacle lenses, rigid gas-permeable contact lenses, unifocal soft contact lenses, and placebo [3,4].…”

“…Recent data demonstrates that accommodation appears to have a minor effect on the induction and progress of myopia contrary to previous knowledge [3,4]. The non-accommodative mechanisms such as creating a myopic shift in the peripheral retina and altering corneal shape by optical interventions [3][4][5], and scleral collagen enhancement by pharmacological agents [3][4][5][6] have gained popularity in myopia control, and significant beneficial outcomes have been reported by many reserachers.…”

“…The non-accommodative mechanisms such as creating a myopic shift in the peripheral retina and altering corneal shape by optical interventions [3][4][5], and scleral collagen enhancement by pharmacological agents [3][4][5][6] have gained popularity in myopia control, and significant beneficial outcomes have been reported by many reserachers. This mini-review aimed specifically at investigating the comparative effectiveness of different interventions systematicaly and summarizing data on the myopia control in children from recent studies.…”

Treatment of Myopia – Current Status and Recent Advances

“…The side-effects might include temporary stinging, blurred vision, pupil dilation and eye irritation, limiting a long-term application. 9 This leaves low-dose atropine, pirenzepine and soft contact lenses with myopia control features The use of orthokeratology is limited by its complexity and cost.…”

Binocular Visual Function in Orthokeratology Contact Lens Wear for Myopia

“…(Schor 1999) This interaction can be directly measured by the accommodation-convergence per unit of accommodation (AC/A ratio), which as shown in Chapter 4, did not change with OK wear. While AC/A ratios have been shown to be elevated in myopic children, there is conjecture, and given the observed trend of other myopia- several bifocal or multifocal-type SCL's have been investigated for myopia control, (Huang et al 2016) and there is growing interest in how these may influence accommodation and vergence function in myopic children (Gong et al 2017) and young adults. (Kang and Wildsoet 2016) The results found here are in alignment with both of these studies whereby an exophoric shift was noted in multifocal (MF) SCL wearing children (Gong et al 2017) and adults, (Kang and Wildsoet 2016) A similar vergence effect but differential accommodation effect between OK and MFSCL could be due to different levels of positive SA induced.…”