Efficacy by clinical evaluation of imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: initial results from an ongoing, long-term follow-up study in Europe

Gollnick, Harald; Barona, Carlos Guillén; Frank, R. A.; Ruzicka, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2003.10.422

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Imiquimod (1‐(2‐methylpropyl)‐1 H ‐imidzo[4,5‐c]quinolin‐4‐amine), a low molecular weight imidazoquinolinamines, has potent antiviral and antitumour properties and approved from Food and Drug Administration, USA 84 for the topical treatment of external anogenital warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) and for the skin cancers such as superficial basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and actinic keratosis in a 5% cream (Aldara) formulation 85 but during treatment permanent postinflammatory hypo‐pigmentation has been reported as a side‐effect 86 . Imiquimod is an immune response modifier and acts on the immune system by stimulating monocytes/macrophages and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the epidermis and dermis to produce interferon‐α and other immunostimulatory cytokines that stimulate cell‐mediated immunity 87 such as macrophages and the release of oxygen‐reactive intermediates and other toxic molecules, finally leading to apoptosis of tumour cells 88 . Topical imiquimod has been found to be effective for clearing superficial BCC in 85% of cases when used 3–5 times weekly for 6 weeks, 89 and many studies have demonstrated that this regimen provides 88% histological clearance rate 84,90,91 .…”

Section: Potential Depigmenting Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depigmentation therapies for normal skin in vitiligo universalis

AlGhamdi

Kumar

2010

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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If vitiligo involves most of the body, it might be easier to depigment the normal remaining skin rather than to attempt repigmentation. We reviewed the literature to date regarding available therapies for depigmenting the normal skin in vitiligo universalis. Our review revealed that the threshold regarding what percentage of body surface area qualifies as depigmentation is variable among practitioners. Monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone (MBEH) is the most widely used depigmenting agent and has few side-effects. Tretinoin in combination with MBEH is able to speed depigmentation of the skin. Monomethylether of hydroquinone has also been used successfully for depigmentation. Eighty-eight per cent phenol is also effective in depigmenting the skin but its application on large areas is toxic for liver and kidney. Different types of lasers are also available to destruct the melanocytes selectively, but this technique can be painful and expensive. Cryotherapy is a cheap depigmenting therapy but, because of scarring risk, it should only be used by experienced dermatologists. No trials have compared the efficacy of the above-mentioned well-established depigmentation agents/techniques. Certain drugs such as imatinib, imiquimod and diphencyprone, which are used to treat other diseases, caused depigmentation as a side-effect. Some depigmentation agents used for branding cattle can also serve as topical depigmentation agents. In conclusion, comparative clinical trials are needed to compare the efficacy of various depigmentation agents/techniques. In particular, topical imatinib, imiquimod and diphencyprone may be considered as potential depigmenting agents, which require further investigation. This review revealed that MBEH is safe and effective depigmenting agent.

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Section: Potential Depigmenting Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depigmentation therapies for normal skin in vitiligo universalis

AlGhamdi

Kumar

2010

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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“…Hypopigmentation was reported as a side effect of treatment with imiquimod for superficial BCCs in a European Phase III study, where 44% of the subjects had mild hypopigmentation reactions and 10% of subjects experienced severe reactions. 6 One case of perma-nent facial hypopigmentation following imiquimod treatment for facial BCC was reported in the United Kingdom. 7 The pathogenesis of chemical leukoderma resulting from imiquimod is uncertain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitiligo-like Hypopigmentation with Poliosis following Treatment of Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma with Imiquimod

Jacob

Blyumin

2008

Dermatol Surg

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“…Imiquimod also leads to keratinocytes differentiation by activating the NOTCH pathway through the upregulation of JAGGED1 . Multiple phase III clinical trials have shown the utility of imiquimod in the initial and long‐term clearance of superficial BCCs along with favorable cosmetic outcomes . Adverse reactions associated with imiquimod include cutaneous psoriasiform eruptions, and oral ulcerations …”

Section: Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basal cell carcinoma pathogenesis and therapy involving hedgehog signaling and beyond

Bakshi

Chaudhary

Rana

et al. 2017

Molecular Carcinogenesis

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Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin is driven by aberrant hedgehog signaling. Thus blocking this signaling pathway by small molecules such as vismodegib inhibits tumor growth. Primary cilium in the epidermal cells plays an integral role in the processing of hedgehog signaling-related proteins. Recent genomic studies point to the involvement of additional genetic mutations that might be associated with the development of BCCs, suggesting significance of other signaling pathways, such as WNT, NOTCH, mTOR, and Hippo, aside from hedgehog in the pathogenesis of this human neoplasm. Some of these pathways could be regulated by noncoding microRNA. Altered microRNA expression profile is recognized with the progression of these lesions. Stopping treatment with Smoothened (SMO) inhibitors often leads to tumor reoccurrence in the patients with basal cell nevus syndrome, who develop 10–100 of BCCs. In addition, the initial effectiveness of these SMO inhibitors is impaired due to the onset of mutations in the drug-binding domain of SMO. These data point to a need to develop strategies to overcome tumor recurrence and resistance and to enhance efficacy by developing novel single agent-based or multiple agents-based combinatorial approaches. Immunotherapy and photodynamic therapy could be additional successful approaches particularly if developed in combination with chemotherapy for inoperable and metastatic BCCs.

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Efficacy by clinical evaluation of imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: initial results from an ongoing, long-term follow-up study in Europe

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Depigmentation therapies for normal skin in vitiligo universalis

Depigmentation therapies for normal skin in vitiligo universalis

Vitiligo-like Hypopigmentation with Poliosis following Treatment of Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma with Imiquimod

Basal cell carcinoma pathogenesis and therapy involving hedgehog signaling and beyond

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