Efficacy and Specificity of Pharmacological Therapies for Behavioral Disorders in Persons with Mental Retardation

Baumeister, Alfred A.; Todd, Mark E.; Sevin, Jay A.

doi:10.1097/00002826-199308000-00001

Cited by 72 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…4 Although our knowledge of prevalence of psychopathology in people with DDs is uncertain, we can be very certain that psychotropics, including polypharmacy, are commonly prescribed. [5][6][7] Common risk factors are externalizing behaviour disorders, such as aggression and SIB, rather than psychiatric diagnoses. 8 Additionally, people with DDs are commonly subjected to a wide range of restrictive behaviour management practices in community and institutional settings, such as restraint, 9,10 preventable disability, and increased cost of care.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Psychopathology in People with Intellectual and other Disabilities

Sturmey

2012

Can J Psychiatry

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Objective: To review the psychosocial, pharmacological, and other treatments of psychopathology in people with intellectual disabilities (IDs), autism, and other developmental disabilities (DDs).Method: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of psychosocial, pharmacological, and other treatments for people with DDs are reviewed. Results:There is strong evidence for applied behaviour analysis (ABA) and other behavioural treatments of some forms of psychopathology. There is little good evidence to support the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy, cognitive therapy, sensory interventions, and other forms of psychosocial interventions. Recently, more randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of psychopharmacology have been published, especially with people with autism spectrum disorders. Most RCTs were for externalizing behaviour problems, rather than for psychopathology. These RCTs offer only preliminary support for the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy. No evidence was found for the effectiveness of other biological treatments. Conclusions:Current research supports the use of ABA and other behavioural interventions for some forms of psychopathology. Evidence for the effectiveness of other interventions is limited or absent.

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Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Psychopathology in People with Intellectual and other Disabilities

Sturmey

2012

Can J Psychiatry

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“…Despite these concerns, neuroleptic medications continue to be the psychotropic medication used most frequently in persons with mental retardation (Baumeister, Todd, & Sevin, 1993;Gadow, 1985). Given that overactive behavior is one of the primary reasons for treatment with neuroleptics (Gadow, 1985), stimulant medications such as methylphenidate may be an effective alternative (Aman, Marks, Turbott, Wilsher, & Merry, 1991).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Separate and Combined Effects of Methylphenidate and a Behavioral Intervention on Disruptive Behavior in Children With Mental Retardation

Blum¹,

Mauk²,

McComas³

et al. 1996

J of App Behav Analysis

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We investigated the separate and combined effects of a behavioral intervention and methylphenidate (Ritalin) on disruptive behavior and task engagement in 3 children with severe to profound mental retardation. The behavioral intervention involved differential reinforcement of appropriate behavior and guided compliance. All 3 children demonstrated decreased disruptive behavior and improved task engagement in response to the behavioral intervention. Two of the 3 children demonstrated similar improvement in response to methylphenidate. Although both interventions were highly effective for these 2 participants, the relative efficacy of the interventions varied between the 2 children. There was no evidence of an additive or synergistic effect of the two interventions, but the high efficacy of each intervention alone limited our ability to detect such effects.

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“…40 In addition, neuroleptics were found effective in reducing stereotypical behaviours 41 at lower doses compared to those needed for managing self injurious behaviours. 42 Among the typical neuroleptics, fluphenazine and thioridazine have been shown to be effective. 43 In addition, zuclopenthixol is well tolerated and effective in treating behavioural disturbances in children and adolescents, 44 45 including disturbances of longstanding nature 43 in people with developmental disabilities.…”

Section: Antipsychotics (Neuroleptics)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychopharmacological treatments in persons with dual diagnosis of psychiatric disorders and developmental disabilities

Antochi

Stavrakaki

Emery

2003

Postgraduate Medical Journal

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People with developmental disabilities are at considerable risk for the development of comorbid psychiatric conditions. Psychopharmacological treatments may have a crucial role in a multidisciplinary and multimodal approach to the management of psychopathology in this population. Psychiatric illnesses that are particularly amenable include mood disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHDs) and antidepressants, mood stabilisers, anxiolytics, antipsychotics, and stimulants should be considered, respectively. ADHD may also respond to α2-agonists. Psychotropic agents such as β-antagonists can target aggressive, self injurious, and stereotypical behaviours and opioid antagonists may be helpful in treating self injurious behaviour and stereotypy. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, newer anticonvulsants, and atypical neuroleptics are preferred when treating psychiatric disorders among people with developmental disabilities. This paper will review the major studies of pharmacological treatment of mental illness in individuals with developmental disabilities.

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Efficacy and Specificity of Pharmacological Therapies for Behavioral Disorders in Persons with Mental Retardation

Cited by 72 publications

References 0 publications

Treatment of Psychopathology in People with Intellectual and other Disabilities

Treatment of Psychopathology in People with Intellectual and other Disabilities

Separate and Combined Effects of Methylphenidate and a Behavioral Intervention on Disruptive Behavior in Children With Mental Retardation

Psychopharmacological treatments in persons with dual diagnosis of psychiatric disorders and developmental disabilities

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