Efficacy and safety of SQ house dust mite sublingual immunotherapy‐tablet in Japanese children

125

105

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a disease with high prevalence all over the world and therefore needs to be thoroughly investigated and treated accordingly. The mechanisms underlying the pathology and treatment of AR have been widely studied, but many aspects remain unclear and warrant further investigations. This review presents an overview of recently published papers highlighting the risk factors, mechanisms, and treatment of AR. Additionally, recent studies discussing the role of single nucleotide polymorphism, DNA methylation, regulatory B cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells, immunotherapy, and biologics in AR are also covered. K E Y W O R D Sallergic rhinitis, biologics, epigenetics, risk factors, treatment | 2321 MENG Et al.

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments and highlights in allergic rhinitis

Meng

Wang

Zhang

2019

125

105

“…213 Moreover, there is some evidence that AIT is cost-effective in AR with or without asthma. 214 Allergen-specific immunotherapy is usually given as subcutaneous injections 215,216 or sublingually, [217][218][219] but novel treatment forms such as peptide immunotherapy, 11,220 intralymphatic immunotherapy 11,220 and use of recombinant allergens, and immune-modulating adjuvants and nanoparticles 21,220,221 are under development.…”

Section: Novel Therapeutic Concepts In Ait For Airway Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Future research trends in understanding the mechanisms underlying allergic diseases for improved patient care

Breiteneder

Diamant

Eiwegger

et al. 2019

101

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. AbstractThe specialties of allergy and clinical immunology have entered the era of precision medicine with the stratification of diseases into distinct disease subsets, specific diagnoses, and targeted treatment options, including biologicals and small molecules.This article reviews recent developments in research and patient care and future trends in the discipline. The section on basic mechanisms of allergic diseases summarizes the current status and defines research needs in structural biology, type 2 inflammation, immune tolerance, neuroimmune mechanisms, role of the microbiome and diet, environmental factors, and respiratory viral infections. In the section on diagnostic challenges, clinical trials, precision medicine and immune monitoring Zuzana Diamanthttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0133-0100Thomas Eiwegger https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2914-7829Wytske J. Fokkens https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4852-229X

“…7 Conventionally, AIT for aeroallergens is given by subcutaneous injections subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) 8 or sublingually sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). 9,10 These approaches are deemed safe, but in a minority of patients, a strong reaction can already be observed at the (very low) starting dose, postponing or stopping further therapy. Furthermore, it has become evident that at least 3 years of treatment is needed to confer long-term clinical tolerance.…”

Section: Allergen Immunotherapy: a Prototype Of Precision Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventionally, AIT for aeroallergens is given by subcutaneous injections (SCIT) or sublingually (SLIT) . These approaches are deemed safe, but in a minority of patients, a strong reaction can already be observed at the (very low) starting dose, postponing or stopping further therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments and highlights in immune monitoring of allergen immunotherapy

Zelm

McKenzie

Varese

et al. 2019

Allergic diseases are the most common chronic immune-mediated disorders and can manifest with an enormous diversity in clinical severity and symptoms. Underlying mechanisms for the adverse immune response to allergens and its downregulation by treatment are still being revealed. As a result, there have been, and still are, major challenges in diagnosis, prediction of disease progression/evolution and treatment.Currently, the only corrective treatment available is allergen immunotherapy (AIT).AIT modifies the immune response through long-term repeated exposure to defined doses of allergen. However, as the treatment usually needs to be continued for several years to be effective, and can be accompanied by adverse reactions, many patients face difficulties completing their schedule. Long-term therapy also potentially incurs high costs. Therefore, there is a great need for objective markers to predict or to monitor individual patient's beneficial changes in immune response during therapy so that efficacy can be identified as early as possible. In this review, we specifically address recent technical developments that have generated new insights into allergic disease pathogenesis, and how these could potentially be translated into routine laboratory assays for disease monitoring during AIT that are relatively inexpensive, robust and scalable. K E Y W O R D Sallergen immunotherapy, allergy, biomarker, immune monitoring | 2343 ZELM Et aL.