Efficacy and Safety of Red Ginseng Extract Powder in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction: Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Ham, Won Sik; Kim, Dong-Won; Lee, Jin Sung; Ju, Hee Jeong; Kang, Shin Jyung; Oh, Jin Hwan; Her, Youl; Chung, Jae Yong; Park, Kwangsung; Choi, Young Deuk

doi:10.4111/kju.2009.50.2.159

Cited by 17 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…2,3 Among these, various reports have promoted the root-derived Korean red gingseng (KRG; Panax ginseng) as alternative treatment for ED, citing the stimulatory effect of KRG on the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (CCSM) of the penis. [4][5][6] The principal active ingredients of ginseng are ginsenosides (also called ginseng saponins), which are amphiphilic molecules comprised of an aglycon backbone (a hydrophobic four-ring steroid-like structure) linked to hydrophilic carbohydrate side chains that consist of monomers, dimers and tetramers. 5,7 Ginsenoside is widely and variably distributed thoughout the ginseng plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Korean ginseng berry extract (GB0710) on penile erection: evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies

Park¹,

Kim²,

Jeon³

et al. 2013

Asian J Androl

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Several reports have promoted the root-derived Korean red ginseng (KRG; Panax ginseng) as alternative treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED), and ginsenosides are known to be the principal active ingredients of ginseng. Recent studies showed that ginseng berries produce more ginsenosides than KRG; thus, we investigated the ability of the Korean ginseng berry extract GB0710 to relax the penile corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (CCSM) in this study. As a comparative control, the results were compared to those obtained using KRG. In addition, possible mechanisms of action for GB0710 were investigated. While KRG and GB0710 both displayed dose-dependent relaxation effects on precontracted rabbit CCSM in vitro, GB0710 was shown to be more potent than KRG. The GB0710-induced relaxation could be partially reduced by removing the endothelium. In addition, pre-treatment with several nitric oxide (NO) inhibitors significantly inhibited the relaxation of muscle strips. Furthermore, administration of GB0710 increased intracavernosal pressure (ICP) in a rat in vivo model in both a dose-and duration-dependent manner. Intracellular NO production in human microvascular endothelial cells could be induced by GB0710 and inhibited by N G -monomethyl-L-arginine. In conclusion, GB0710 had a greater relaxation effect on rabbit CCSM than did KRG extract, and increased ICP in a rat model in both a dose-and a duration-dependent manner. This relaxing effect might be mediated by NO production. Keywords: corpus cavernosum; erectile dysfunction (ED); ginseng berry; nitric oxide (NO); smooth muscle INTRODUCTION Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the inability to attain or maintain penile erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual intercourse. ED is a common condition in middle-aged men that has serious adverse effects on quality of life. It has been reported that approximately 50% of men aged 40-80 years suffer from ED to some degree. 1 One of the etiological causes of ED is the reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). This causes insufficient relaxation of smooth muscle in the penile corpus cavernosum, leading to a subsequently insufficient inflow of blood. Several extensive studies have investigated the positive effects of ginseng on ED, thereby implicating the NO pathway as the mechanism of action. 2,3 Among these, various reports have promoted the root-derived Korean red gingseng (KRG; Panax ginseng) as alternative treatment for ED, citing the stimulatory effect of KRG on the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (CCSM) of the penis. [4][5][6] The principal active ingredients of ginseng are ginsenosides (also called ginseng saponins), which are amphiphilic molecules comprised of an aglycon backbone (a hydrophobic four-ring steroid-like structure) linked to hydrophilic carbohydrate side chains that consist of monomers, dimers and tetramers. 5,7 Ginsenoside is widely and variably distributed thoughout the ginseng plant. 8 Kim et al. 9 investigated the ginsenoside content of Korean ginseng, indicating ginseng berries (GB) and ginseng r...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Korean ginseng berry extract (GB0710) on penile erection: evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies

Park¹,

Kim²,

Jeon³

et al. 2013

Asian J Androl

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“…Based on reports showing that low testosterone leads to obesity and its related metabolic diseases (Fui et al, 2014;Kelly and Jones, 2015) and that GE enhances testosterone effects in men with testosterone deficiency (de Andrade et al, 2007;Ham et al, 2009;Tambi et al, 2012;Jung et al, 2016), we examined the effects of ginseng on obesity and adipogenesis in testosterone-deficient castrated mice. Our results indicate that both GE and testosterone can prevent adipogenesis, adiposity, and obesity in HFD-fed castrated mice, and these effects are mediated in part through reducing the expression of adipogenic genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer; Araliaceae) and Malaysian ginseng increased the serum testosterone concentrations and improved the erectile function compared with placebo when administered to patients with testosterone deficiency (de Andrade et al, 2007;Ham et al, 2009;Tambi et al, 2012;Choi et al, 2013;Jung et al, 2016), indicating the testosterone-enhancing effects of ginseng. Thus, we hypothesized that Korean red ginseng is able to induce weight loss and regulate obesity in castrated male mice, an animal model of men with testosterone deficiency, by regulating the expression of adipogenesis-related genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Potentiates the Inhibitory Actions of Testosterone on Obesity and Adipogenesis in High Fat Diet-Fed Castrated Mice

Park

Yoon

2017

BSL

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It has been suggested that ginseng is beneficial for ameliorating the aging males' symptoms, such as weight gain, fatigue, erectile dysfunction, and depression, in elderly men with testosterone deficiency. We thus investigated the effects of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer; Araliaceae) on obesity in a mouse model of testosterone deficiency (castrated C57BL/6J mice). The effects of ginseng extract (GE) and/or testosterone on obesity and adipogenesis in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed castrated C57BL/6J mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes were examined using in vivo and in vitro approaches. After feeding mice a HFD for 8 weeks, we found that mice also receiving GE and/or testosterone showed decreased body weight, adipose tissue mass, adipocyte size, and hepatic lipid accumulation compared with untreated HFD-fed mice. Expression of adipogenic genes (PPARγ, C/EBPα, and aP2) was decreased by GE and/or testosterone in adipose tissues. Consistent with the in vivo data, lipid accumulation and the mRNA expression of adipogenesis genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were decreased by GE, ginsenosides, and testosterone. The inhibitory effects of GE (or ginsenosides) were comparable to those of testosterone, and the effects of co-treatment with GE (or ginsenosides) and testosterone were greater than those of testosterone alone in vivo and in vitro. Our results indicate that ginseng may be able to potentiate the inhibitory effects of testosterone on obesity and adipogenesis in HFD-fed castrated mice, providing possible therapeutic implications in men with testosterone deficiency.Key Words: 3T3-L1 cell, Adipogenic gene, Ginsenosides, Lipid accumulation, Testosterone deficiency INTRODUCTIONA growing body of evidence suggests that obesity in the aging men is deeply associated with lowered testosterone levels (Michalakis et al., 2013;Fui et al., 2014;Traish, 2014;Kelly and Jones, 2015). Low testosterone levels induce increased fat mass and testosterone therapy in men with testosterone deficiency results in weight loss and a lower risk of metabolic syndrome (Yassin and Doros, 2013;Francomano et al., 2014;Kelly and Jones, 2015). In mouse studies, knockout of the gene encoding the androgen receptor results in obesity, whereas overexpression of the androgen receptor results in decreased adipose tissue mass (Rana et al., 2011;Semirale et al., 2011;McInnes et al., 2012;Varlamov et al., 2012).Ginseng has widely been used as a valuable medicine in Korea, China, and Japan for a long period (Yun, 2001;Yin et al., 2008;Park et al., 2012). Pharmacological studies have ○ CC This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.-262 -crine, immune, and cardiovascular systems (Gillis, 1997;Attele et al., 1999;Lu et al., 2009). In addition, ginseng has been suggested to reduce weight gain in animal models of obe...

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“…What was not mentioned in this review and any other to date to my knowledge is that these dosages recommended were for older less concentrated form of ginseng (4-7 % ginsenosides). And, in this same systematic review [164], the authors mentioned that they still needed to evaluate a more concentrated ginsenoside randomized trial by Park and colleagues that was published in Korean in the Korean Journal of Urology [165], but that the article was being translated. Interestingly, the author of this chapter had this study by Park and colleagues translated into English, and it arguably provides some of the best preliminary clinical data to date for a dietary supplement compared with placebo over 8 weeks for men with ED.…”

Section: Panax Ginseng and Ginsenosides (Korean Red Ginseng And Others)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, the author of this chapter had this study by Park and colleagues translated into English, and it arguably provides some of the best preliminary clinical data to date for a dietary supplement compared with placebo over 8 weeks for men with ED. This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 69 participants that used a highly concentrated ginsenoside product (800 mg per day) [165]. The primary endpoint was the response to the erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire at baseline and 8 weeks.…”

Section: Panax Ginseng and Ginsenosides (Korean Red Ginseng And Others)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutraceuticals for Fertility and Erectile Health: A Brief Overview of What Works and What Is Worthless

Moyad

2014

Men's Sexual Health and Fertility

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Efficacy and Safety of Red Ginseng Extract Powder in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction: Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of Korean ginseng berry extract (GB0710) on penile erection: evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies

Effects of Korean ginseng berry extract (GB0710) on penile erection: evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies

Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Potentiates the Inhibitory Actions of Testosterone on Obesity and Adipogenesis in High Fat Diet-Fed Castrated Mice

Nutraceuticals for Fertility and Erectile Health: A Brief Overview of What Works and What Is Worthless

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