Efficacy and Safety of New and Emerging Drugs for COVID-19: Favipiravir and Dexamethasone

Sood, Shivani; Bhatia, Gaurav; Seth, Prachi; Kumar, Pawan; Kaur, Jagjit; Gupta, Vidisha; Punia, Sandeep; Tuli, Hardeep Singh

doi:10.1007/s40495-021-00253-w

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…This drug offers the most costeffective treatment for COVID-19 which can reduce mortality by 20% in patients on oxygen therapy and by 30% in patients on automatic ventilation (14). It also has an anti-viral effect by binding to the hormone cortisol, stimulating the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines that cause COVID-19 pneumonia (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycophosphopeptical AM3 Food Supplement: A Potential Adjuvant in the Treatment and Vaccination of SARS-CoV-2

Fernández-Lázaro

Adams

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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The world is currently experiencing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Its global spread has resulted in millions of confirmed infections and deaths. While the global pandemic continues to grow, the availability of drugs to treat COVID-19 infections remains limited to supportive treatments. Moreover, the current speed of vaccination campaigns in many countries has been slow. Natural substrates with biological immunomodulatory activity, such as glucans, may represent an adjuvant therapeutic agent to treat SARS-CoV-2. AM3, a natural glycophosphopeptical, has previously been shown to effectively slow, with no side effects, the progression of infectious respiratory diseases by regulating effects on innate and adaptive immunity in experimental models. No clinical studies, however, exist on the use of AM3 in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. This review aims to summarize the beneficial effects of AM3 on respiratory diseases, the inflammatory response, modulation of immune response, and attenuation of muscle. It will also discuss its potential effects as an immune system adjuvant for the treatment of COVID-19 infections and adjuvant for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycophosphopeptical AM3 Food Supplement: A Potential Adjuvant in the Treatment and Vaccination of SARS-CoV-2

Fernández-Lázaro

Adams

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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“…Favipiravir has been studied in patients with 2019-nCoV in randomized trials in mice, the results suggest further in vivo studies are recommended to evaluate this antiviral nucleoside efficiency [66]. Clinical trials in China and Japan showed good potential for favipiravir use against COVID-19 [134].…”

Section: Favipiravirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterocyclic compounds as antiviral drugs: Synthesis, structure–activity relationship and traditional applications

Santos

Martins

Bregadiolli

et al. 2021

Journal of Heterocyclic Chem

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A virus outbreak challenges the economic, medical, and public health infrastructure worldwide. More than one virus capable of triggering diseases have been identified per year since 1972, which requires the development of new ways of treatment and prevention, however, such processes are not rapid and easy. With the pandemic scenario experienced since early 2020, several drugs with well-known purposes have gained prominence, due to speculation of their use in the treatment against the new coronavirus. Among the main drugs studied, the vast majority contain a heterocyclic structure. In this review, we presented the traditional and efficient synthesis of 15 drugs that have been studied for the COVID-19 treatment, containing in their structure heterocycles like indole, quinoline, pyrimidone, tetrahydrofuran, pyrrolidine, triazole, pyridazine, pyrazole, pyrrolopyrimidine, azetidine, pyrrolotriazine, pyrazine, tetrahydropyran, benzofuran, spiroketal, and thiazole. Furthermore, we have shown the original applications, as well as their structure-activity relationship and what is their situation as a drug candidate against COVID-19. Thus, the objective was to consolidate the main synthetic and pharmacological aspects involving clinically developed heterocycles that at some point were presented as promising against SARS-CoV-2.

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“…Favipiravir is the antiviral drug of choice for the treatment of COVID-19 in some countries ( Figure 1 ), including Russia, India, Japan, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey [1] . Treatment protocol varies from country to country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Favipiravir exposure and pregnancy outcome of COVID-19 patients

Tirmikçioğlu

2022

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductiv

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Objective COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading disease and many people have been infected in a short time. Favipiravir is under investigation for the treatment of COVID-19 and given to patients in many countries following emergency use approval. Based on data from animal studies, favipiravir use is contraindicated during pregnancy. Currently, there is no human data except for a single case report on use of favipiravir in pregnancy. Study Design: This article includes the outcomes of 29 pregnancies reported to the Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit regarding favipiravir use in pregnancy. For drug risk assessment, maternal characteristics were obtained at first contact. After the expected day of delivery, follow-up is conducted by phone call and all relevant data regarding pregnancy and newborn outcome were documented. Results Of the 29 pregnancies exposed to favipiravir, 5 were electively terminated and 24 resulted in live birth. There were no miscarriages or no stillbirths. There were 25 live births including one pair of twins. Three children were born premature, and one infant had patent foramen ovale. Birth weights, lengths and head circumferences of all infants were within normal range. Conclusion The results of the study indicate that favipiravir is unlikely to be a major human teratogen, but experience is still limited for a well-grounded risk assessment. Although these findings may be useful for the physicians and patients, larger studies are needed due to small number of cases.

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Efficacy and Safety of New and Emerging Drugs for COVID-19: Favipiravir and Dexamethasone

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

Glycophosphopeptical AM3 Food Supplement: A Potential Adjuvant in the Treatment and Vaccination of SARS-CoV-2

Glycophosphopeptical AM3 Food Supplement: A Potential Adjuvant in the Treatment and Vaccination of SARS-CoV-2

Heterocyclic compounds as antiviral drugs: Synthesis, structure–activity relationship and traditional applications

Favipiravir exposure and pregnancy outcome of COVID-19 patients

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