Efficacy and safety of intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for malaria in African infants: a pooled analysis of six randomised, placebo-controlled trials

Aponte, John J.; Schellenberg, David; Egan, Andrea; Breckenridge, Alasdair; Carneiro, Ilona; Critchley, Julia; Danquah, Ina; Dodoo, Alexander; Kobbe, Robin; Lell, Bertrand; May, Jürgen; Premji, Zul; Sanz, Sergi; Sevene, Esperanza; Soulaymani-Becheikh, Rachida; Winstanley, Peter; Adjei, Samuel; Anemana, Sylvester D.; Chandramohan, Daniel; Issifou, Saadou; Mockenhaupt, Frank P.; Owusu‐Agyei, Seth; Greenwood, Brian; Grobusch, Martin P.; Kremsner, Peter G.; Macete, Eusébio; Mshinda, Hassan; Newman, Robert D.; Slutsker, Laurence; Tanner, Marcel; Alonso, Pedro L.; Menéndez, Clara

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61258-7

Cited by 208 publications

(214 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The WHO therefore recommends IPTp with SP for areas with high or moderate transmission, and many countries have substantially scaled up delivery of IPTp, although coverage is still inadequate (van Eijk et al, 2011). IPTi has been shown to be safe in infants, with a protective efficacy of~30 % against clinical malaria and 21 % against the risk of anaemia from the first dose until 12 months of age (Aponte et al, 2009). Unfortunately, levels of SP resistance are on the rise in many areas, requiring adaptation of SP regimes.…”

Section: Drug Applications For Prevention Of Malaria In Endemic Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, this effect has not been reproduced in later studies. In some occasions, even a small increase in malaria incidence was observed after cessation of the intervention (Konaté et al, 2011;Mockenhaupt et al, 2007) but, as was the case for chemoprophylaxis, most studies did not show a change in malaria incidence after the end of the intervention (Aponte et al, 2009;Cairns et al, 2008;Cissé et al, 2006;Dicko et al, 2011;Schreiber et al, 2007).…”

Section: Clinical Rebound After Chemoprophylactic Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancement of naturally acquired immunity against malaria by drug use

Bijker

Sauerwein

2012

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Combination of chemoprophylaxis with chloroquine and so-called 'controlled human malaria infections' has been shown to induce sustained and fully protective immunity against malaria in experimental settings. This opens possibilities of translating this approach into an effective and applicable strategy for the field. We review the different ways in which antimalarial drugs have been used for prevention of malaria in endemic settings and discuss the possibilities and challenges of applying a strategy of drug use and naturally acquired infection in the field. IntroductionMalaria remains one of the most important infectious diseases worldwide, causing almost 655 000 deaths per year, of which the majority are children under 5 years of age. Intense malaria control interventions during the past decade have successfully established a reduction of more than 50 % in either confirmed cases of malaria or malaria admissions and deaths in 11 countries of the WHO African region (WHO, 2011a). However, increases in the number of malaria cases in 2009 in Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe and Zambia, which previously reported reductions, illustrate the fragility of the current successes. This underlines the need for additional and innovative strategies.Availability of an effective vaccine would greatly contribute to malaria control and elimination. It is well known that clinical immunity is acquired in endemic areas after a number of years and a sufficient number of naturally acquired infections (Snow & Marsh, 1995). The search for malaria vaccines against Plasmodium falciparum has been pursued for decades, with the main focus on the development of subunit-vaccines, but with limited success. Twenty candidate vaccines are currently under clinical investigation but only one product, RTS,S, has progressed into a phase 3 field trial having recently shown encouraging indications of protection in an interim evaluation (RTS,S Clinical Trials Partnership, 2011; WHO, 2011b).One of the shortcomings of subunit-vaccines is the inability to appropriately address the significant antigenic diversity of target epitopes and the often-observed poor immunogenicity of the soluble parasite-derived proteins used. Against that background a whole-parasite approach may perform better. Indeed, immunization with sporozoite forms has consistently been shown to induce .90 % protection in rodents and humans in experimental set-ups (Friesen & Matuschewski, 2011;Hoffman et al., 2002).Transmission intensity varies greatly in sub-Saharan Africa where individuals can be subjected to up to 10 infectious bites per night at certain periods of the year. Here, we explore the idea that using medicines together with naturally acquired infection could result in the induction of protective immunity. We will review the different ways in which antimalarial drugs have been used for prevention of malaria in endemic areas and reflect on the possibilities and challenges of applying a strategy of drug use together with naturally acquired infection in the field (see Table 1 for an ov...

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Section: Drug Applications For Prevention Of Malaria In Endemic Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Rebound After Chemoprophylactic Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of naturally acquired immunity against malaria by drug use

Bijker

Sauerwein

2012

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…It was concluded that IPTi is safe and does not interact with EPI vaccines. Importantly, IPTi had a pooled protective efficacy of 30.3% (95% CI 19.8-39.4, p<0.0001) [24].…”

Section: Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and Inter-mittent Preventive Treatmentioning

confidence: 95%

Highlights of a Symposium, Malaria: Where are we Today, Where are we Going?

Wieten

Vugt

Leth

et al. 2011

TOIDJ

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Malaria continues to pose a major public health threat in endemic areas. However, times are changing, and many investments have been made in recent years into funding of malaria research, the development of more and improved control tools, and applying those to the field. Consequently, there is a renewed interest in going as far as considering the prospects of malaria elimination on a global scale. This goal cannot be reached without optimising and combining biotechnical, economical and social anthropological aspects. A symposium held on 25 January 2011 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, organised by the Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, the Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam and the Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, focused on malaria and the malERA eradication program, summarizing the state of the art in malaria control and beyond, and offering insight into the various possible ways forward. This manuscript summarizes the information presented and the ensuing discussions.

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“…However, it is still being recommended for the intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy inmalarious areas. Further it is being evaluated for the same in infants (Aponte et al, 2009). Proguanil as a single agent, on one hand, has been found to be effective against chloroquine and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine resistant strains of P. falciparum found in sub-Saharan Africa.…”

Section: Anti-folatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Resistance in Malaria-in a nutshell

Bhattacharjee¹,

Shivaprakash²

2016

J App Pharm Sci

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One peek into the history of malaria, shows us that despite many attempts by mankind to counter the development and propagation of malaria, it has always risen back like a 'phoenix from its ashes'. This has been possible by virtue of the singular ability of the malarial parasite to mutate and evade the actions of various anti-malarial drugs. The emergence of drug resistant malarial parasites by virtue of the various molecular mechanisms, has put the authorities under the cosh and forced the scientists to start generating newer and better anti-malarial drugs. In this review, we have dwelt upon the various molecular mechanisms which have allowed the malaria parasite to develop resistance, as it can serve to educate the scientists in their effort to generate newer anti-malarials.

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Efficacy and safety of intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for malaria in African infants: a pooled analysis of six randomised, placebo-controlled trials

Abstract: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Cited by 208 publications

References 45 publications

Enhancement of naturally acquired immunity against malaria by drug use

Enhancement of naturally acquired immunity against malaria by drug use

Highlights of a Symposium, Malaria: Where are we Today, Where are we Going?

Drug Resistance in Malaria-in a nutshell

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