Efficacy and safety of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-increasing compounds

Birjmohun, Rakesh S.; Hutten, Barbara A.; Kastelein, John J.P.; Stroes, Erik S.G.

doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.10.031

Cited by 397 publications

(271 citation statements)

References 106 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…They have been shown to raise HDL-cholesterol, lower total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and decrease LDL concentrations [20]. Several large scale trials of fibrate therapy have been completed, results, however, have been conflicting about the presence and magnitude of any cardiovascular protective effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in physiological lipoprotein metabolism

Ramasamy

2014

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)

184

159

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Abstract:Research into lipoprotein metabolism has developed because understanding lipoprotein metabolism has important clinical indications. Lipoproteins are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Recent advances include the identification of factors in the synthesis and secretion of triglyceride rich lipoproteins, chylomicrons (CM) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). These included the identification of microsomal transfer protein, the cotranslational targeting of apoproteinB (apoB) for degradation regulated by the availability of lipids, and the characterization of transport vesicles transporting primordial apoB containing particles to the Golgi. The lipase maturation factor 1, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high density lipoprotein binding protein 1 and an angiopoietin-like protein play a role in lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-mediated hydrolysis of secreted CMs and VLDL so that the right amount of fatty acid is delivered to the right tissue at the right time. Expression of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor is regulated at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional level. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/ kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has a pivotal role in the degradation of LDL receptor. Plasma remnant lipoproteins bind to specific receptors in the liver, the LDL receptor, VLDL receptor and LDL receptor-like proteins prior to removal from the plasma. Reverse cholesterol transport occurs when lipid free apoAI recruits cholesterol and phospholipid to assemble high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. The discovery of ABC transporters (ABCA1 and ABCG1) and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) provided further information on the biogenesis of HDL. In humans HDLcholesterol can be returned to the liver either by direct uptake by SR-BI or through cholesteryl ester transfer protein exchange of cholesteryl ester for triglycerides in apoB lipoproteins, followed by hepatic uptake of apoB containing particles. Cholesterol content in cells is regulated by several transcription factors, including the liver X receptor and sterol regulatory element binding protein. This review summarizes recent advances in knowledge of the molecular mechanisms regulating lipoprotein metabolism.Keywords: ABCA1; angiopoietin-like proteins; apoC; apoAI; apolipoprotein E (apoE); cholesterol ester transfer protein; chylomicron; LDL receptor; lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase; lipoprotein(a); lipoprotein lipase; microsomal transfer protein; propertin convertase subtilisin/ kexin type 9; SR-BI; phospholipid transfer protein; very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). Abstract 1695

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in physiological lipoprotein metabolism

Ramasamy

2014

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)

184

159

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“…In adipose tissue niacin inhibits the lipolysis of triglycerides by hormone-sensitive lipase. In previous systematic reviews, it has been associated with increased serum HDL-C [163] and reduction of cardiovascular events and stroke [164] but its routine use in prevention is controversial [165]. Its deficiency causes pellagra and its side effects are mainly represented by cutaneous flushing, dry skin, pruritus, skin rashes and achanthosis nigricans, as well as gout exacerbation and serious hepatotoxicity (high serum transaminases and hyperglicaemia [162]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicorandil, Gastrointestinal Adverse Drug Reactions and Ulcerations: A Systematic Review

et al. 2016

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“…Deterioration of glucose tolerance, elevation of FBG concentrations and development of NODM have been reported with niacin use [31][32][33]. Birjmohun et al found the incidence of niacin-induced hyperglycemia to be around 2.3% in a meta-analysis including 30 trials with 4749 participants randomized to niacin or placebo [32].…”

Section: Niacinmentioning

confidence: 99%