Efficacy and Safety of Camrelizumab Monotherapy and Combination Therapy for Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Wang, Jiting; Su, Song; Li, Jun; Li, Yaling

doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.695512

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…We propose to target several essential components within conidial germination in antifungal treatment, as this would limit the likelihood of a single escape mutant acquiring resistance and colonizing patient tissue. Combination therapy was found to be more efficacious for several applications of drugs targeting mutating targets, such as in cancers [ 241 , 242 , 243 ] or Gram-negative bacteria [ 244 ]. Considering that azole use by agricultural and commercial sectors has contributed to azole resistance it is essential to prevent the application of structurally related fungicides [ 153 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Treatment Approach for Aspergilloses by Targeting Germination

Verburg

Neer

Duca

et al. 2022

JoF

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Germination of conidia is an essential process within the Aspergillus life cycle and plays a major role during the infection of hosts. Conidia are able to avoid detection by the majority of leukocytes when dormant. Germination can cause severe health problems, specifically in immunocompromised people. Aspergillosis is most often caused by Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) and affects neutropenic patients, as well as people with cystic fibrosis (CF). These patients are often unable to effectively detect and clear the conidia or hyphae and can develop chronic non-invasive and/or invasive infections or allergic inflammatory responses. Current treatments with (tri)azoles can be very effective to combat a variety of fungal infections. However, resistance against current azoles has emerged and has been increasing since 1998. As a consequence, patients infected with resistant A. fumigatus have a reported mortality rate of 88% to 100%. Especially with the growing number of patients that harbor azole-resistant Aspergilli, novel antifungals could provide an alternative. Aspergilloses differ in defining characteristics, but germination of conidia is one of the few common denominators. By specifically targeting conidial germination with novel antifungals, early intervention might be possible. In this review, we propose several morphotypes to disrupt conidial germination, as well as potential targets. Hopefully, new antifungals against such targets could contribute to disturbing the ability of Aspergilli to germinate and grow, resulting in a decreased fungal burden on patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Treatment Approach for Aspergilloses by Targeting Germination

Verburg

Neer

Duca

et al. 2022

JoF

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“…Camrelizumab, a potent agonist of human VEGFR-2, can drive hemangioma development via vascular endothelial cell activation and lead to high frequency of capillary hemangioma ( Finlay et al, 2019 ). Anti-vascular drugs can block the VEGF-VEGFR signaling pathway, inhibit vascular cells, and lead to a decrease in the density of capillaries, which may explain why the incidence of RCCEP decreases for patients with camrelizumab and anti-vascular drugs ( Li et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PD-1 inhibitor-based adverse events in solid tumors: A retrospective real-world study

Huang

Liu²,

Dong³

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Background & Aims: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the landscape of cancer treatment, and ICI-related toxicities (i.e., immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have been reported in many clinical studies. However, the toxicity data of real-world have not been fully assessed.Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed solid tumors who had been treated with PD-1 inhibitors were included in the study. Patient data were collected from electronic medical records, including basic characteristics, data of irAEs, management and outcome. Incidences of irAEs were pooled and compared, and the risk of irAEs was also analyzed.Results: A total of 362 solid tumor patients treated with sintilimab (n = 171), camrelizumab (n = 60), toripalimab (n = 72), and pembrolizumab (n = 59) were included. In total, any grade irAEs, grade 1–2 irAEs, and grade ≥3 irAEs accounted for 47.24%, 38.67% and 8.56% of cases, reapectively. Further, 29.24% of patients discontinued immunotherapy due to irAEs, with pneumonitis being the main reason for discontinuation. By comparing the toxicity profiles between different ICIs, we found that reactive capillary haemangiomas were camrelizumab-specific. Additionally, the frequency of irAEs was association with ICIs type, the pooled incidence (standardized rate) of irAEs related to sintilimab, camrelizumab, toripalimab and pembrolizumab were 55.56% (52.81%), 48.33% (55.55%), 33.33% (29.23%) and 38.98% (38.29%), respectively. Sintilimab and camrelizumab had higher incidences of any grade and grade 1–2 than toripalimab (55.56% vs. 33.33%, p = 0.002; 48.54% vs. 25.00%, p = 0.0001) and pembrolizumab (55.56% vs. 38.98%, p = 0.0028; 48.54% vs. 25.42%, p = 0.002), while the grade ≥3 irAEs of pembrolizumab (13.56%) were approximately 1.63- to 1.93-fold higher than other ICIs, and the standardized grade ≥3 of pembrolizumab was significantly higher than that of sintilimab (13.21% vs. 7.12%, p = 0.026), especially for grade ≥3 pneumonitis. Multivariate analysis found that cumulative cycles of ICI (OR = 1.081; 95% CI: 1.023–1.142; p = 0.006), and lung cancer (OR = 1.765; 95% CI: 1.105–2.820; p = 0.017) were independent risk factors for irAEs.Conclusion: The frequency of irAEs is associated with ICI type. The pooled incidence of irAEs related to sintilimab and pneumonitis caused by pembrolizumab were higher. These data indicate the importance of having different monitoring priorities for different PD-1 inhibitors.

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“…As FDA-approved anti-malaria treatments, ART-type drugs are economically feasible and rapidly available for cancer patients. Although the application of monotherapy (single medication treatment) is still common in some cancer therapeutics, the combination treatments are more effective, less susceptible to drug resistance with fewer side effects [126][127][128]. Based on the ART-related RCD pathways, the combination of ART-type drugs with recombinant proteins or antibodies targeting the respective RCD pathways promises superior specificity and efficacy in cancer.…”

Section: Combination Treatment Of Art-type Drugs With Rcd-targeting B...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Artemisinin-Type Drugs in Tumor Cell Death: Mechanisms, Combination Treatment with Biologics and Nanoparticle Delivery

et al. 2022

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Artemisinin, the most famous anti-malaria drug initially extracted from Artemisia annua L., also exhibits anti-tumor properties in vivo and in vitro. To improve its solubility and bioavailability, multiple derivatives have been synthesized. However, to reveal the anti-tumor mechanism and improve the efficacy of these artemisinin-type drugs, studies have been conducted in recent years. In this review, we first provide an overview of the effect of artemisinin-type drugs on the regulated cell death pathways, which may uncover novel therapeutic approaches. Then, to overcome the shortcomings of artemisinin-type drugs, we summarize the recent advances in two different therapeutic approaches, namely the combination therapy with biologics influencing regulated cell death, and the use of nanocarriers as drug delivery systems. For the former approach, we discuss the superiority of combination treatments compared to monotherapy in tumor cells based on their effects on regulated cell death. For the latter approach, we give a systematic overview of nanocarrier design principles used to deliver artemisinin-type drugs, including inorganic-based nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, polymer-based nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers and niosomes. Both approaches have yielded promising findings in vitro and in vivo, providing a strong scientific basis for further study and upcoming clinical trials.

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Efficacy and Safety of Camrelizumab Monotherapy and Combination Therapy for Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Novel Treatment Approach for Aspergilloses by Targeting Germination

Novel Treatment Approach for Aspergilloses by Targeting Germination

PD-1 inhibitor-based adverse events in solid tumors: A retrospective real-world study

Artemisinin-Type Drugs in Tumor Cell Death: Mechanisms, Combination Treatment with Biologics and Nanoparticle Delivery

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