Efficacy and repellency of some essential oils and their blends against larval and adult house flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)

Abstract

House flies are global pests and notoriously difficult to control. Essential oils of vetiver, cinnamon, and lavender and their blends were tested for toxic and repellent effects against larval and adult flies. All of the oils had moderate toxicity for eggs. Mortality of 2nd instar larvae was 57–78% in dipping assays, 38–100% in contact assays, and 94–100% in treated media. Lavender was less effective (38% mortality) than the others (91–100%) in contact bioassays. Oil blends were not more effective against larvae than individual oils. Vetiver and cinnamon oils were strongly repellent (84 and 78%, respectively) for larvae in treated media. None of the oils were repellent for adult house flies in olfactometer assays, but testing of additional products demonstrated significant repellency for neem oil, p‐menthane‐3,8‐diol (PMD), and vanillin. Contact/fumigant toxicity of vetiver, cinnamon, and lavender oils was 100%, significantly higher than mortality from sunflower oil (67%). Blends of oils were not more effective against adults than the individual oils, but blends diluted with sunflower oil were as effective as the individual oils. Essentials oils of vetiver and cinnamon may have potential for fly management in situations where conventional insecticides cannot be used.

Larvicidal and adulticidal effects of some Egyptian oils against Culex pipiens

“…aegypti and Aedes albopictus 53 . EOs have adulticidal effects against Musca domestica 54 as A. sativum, S. aromaticum, and F. vulgare 55 . Essential oils of Melaleuca leucadendron (L.) and Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) showed 100% adult mortality against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Cx.…”

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) for Biologically Active Green Tea and Fennel Natural Oils Delivery: Larvicidal and Adulticidal Activities against Culex pipiens

“…Ecofriendly EOs are highly effective in killing mosquito larvae and insects in general. Plant compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, esters, glycosides, and fatty acids have anti-insect effects on the chemical compounds used in the elimination of insects in various ways [ 30 , 68 ], such as repellents [ 69 ], attractants [ 70 ], feeding deterrents/antifeedants, toxicants, growth retardants, and chemosterilants [ 25 , 29 ].…”

Novel Pesticidal Efficacy of Araucaria heterophylla and Commiphora molmol Extracts against Camel and Cattle Blood-Sucking Ectoparasites

“…Botanicals have been well-known for their medicinal properties [24] since ancient times [25] and induce anthelmintic, antiprotozoal, antiviral, antifungal, and antibacterial [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] and pesticidal effects [14,15] such as ovicidal [33,34], larvicidal and insect growth regulating effects [19,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] as well as adulticidal and repellent properties [8,33,34,39,45,46,[49][50][51][52][53]. Botanicals are characterized by high efficiency against pests and prevention of their associated diseases, safety to non-target organisms [5,10,44], and biodegradation [5,11].…”