Efficacy and patient satisfaction with incobotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of glabellar frown lines

Lim, Jinkang; Loh, David Kwok Thye; Soh, Karen; Sunga, Owen

doi:10.11622/smedj.2016112

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms of action of neuromuscular blockers used during surgery and in intensive care units (36), since these substances can cause death if used incorrectly (44a). Another example is botulinum toxin, which is used to reduce muscle spasticity (19) and in aesthetic treatments to reduce wrinkles (22), since the toxin can cause adverse effects such as muscle rigidity (42).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased learning by using board game on muscular system physiology compared with guided study

Luchi

Cardozo

Marcondes

2019

Advances in Physiology Education

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The aim of this work is to describe the “Muscular System Game,” created to assist in the teaching-learning process concerning the physiology of the muscular system, and to evaluate its effect on the learning of university students. Participating in this study were first-year undergraduate students of the pharmacy course (game group, n = 21, 5 men and 16 women, age 23.57 ± 4.92 yr) and the nursing course (control group, n = 22, 2 men and 20 women, age 22.90 ± 4.93 yr), who had the same level of preparation. After theoretical classes concerning the physiology of the muscular system, all students were instructed to study the topic. In the next week, the students of the game group performed the activity with the board game, and the students of the control group undertook a guided study activity, which contained a list of exercises with the same questions used in the game, to be answered by groups. In the week following these activities, all of the students answered evaluation questions about the topic. The scores obtained for the two groups in the evaluation were compared using Student’s t-test for unpaired samples, considering a significance level of 0.05. The score obtained for the control group (5.78 ± 0.38) was significantly lower than the score for the game group (7.50 ± 0.47; P < 0.05). The results obtained indicating that the use of an educational board game about the physiology of muscle contraction resulted in significantly improved learning, compared with the use of guided study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased learning by using board game on muscular system physiology compared with guided study

Luchi

Cardozo

Marcondes

2019

Advances in Physiology Education

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Patient Experience Contributing to Outcomes of Laryngeal Botulinum Toxin Injection

2022

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Neuromodulators in Skin of Color: An International Review

Mora Hurtado,

Elbuluk,

Taylor

2024

Dermatol Surg

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BACKGROUND As the racial/ethnic diversity of the US population grows, it is imperative for dermatologists to recognize the nuances in the aesthetic treatment of diverse populations. OBJECTIVE This comprehensive review explores the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) in skin of color (SOC) populations and highlights variations in aging patterns, skin properties, and aesthetic concerns in SOC populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review of PubMed/MEDLINE databases from 2004 to 2024 was performed using combinations of the terms botulinum toxin, SOC, Fitzpatrick, race/ethnicity, and Asian, Latin American, Caribbean, Middle Eastern, African, and Pacific countries. RESULTS Twenty-three articles examining the use of BTX-A in SOC populations were identified. Twelve studies were from East Asia, 5 from the United States and/or Canada, 3 from South Asia/Southeast Asia, 2 from South America, and 1 from the Middle East. Available data suggest that BTX-A is efficacious and well tolerated in SOC populations. CONCLUSION Increased SOC representation in clinical trials may guide the development of tailored treatment approaches to optimize aesthetic outcomes for patients with SOC. A comprehensive knowledge of the variations in aging patterns, skin properties, and aesthetic concerns across SOC populations is essential for providing culturally sensitive cosmetic dermatologic care for diverse populations.

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Efficacy and patient satisfaction with incobotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of glabellar frown lines

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Increased learning by using board game on muscular system physiology compared with guided study

Increased learning by using board game on muscular system physiology compared with guided study

Patient Experience Contributing to Outcomes of Laryngeal Botulinum Toxin Injection

Neuromodulators in Skin of Color: An International Review

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