Efficacy and feasibility of lowering playground density to promote physical activity and to discourage sedentary time during recess at preschool: A pilot study

Correlates of children's objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior in early childhood education and care services: A systematic review

“…Reasons for this could be the range of variables presented in this domain, and the variability within each, such as specific aspects of the program including field trips, preschool type, group size, and the use of electronic media. As discussed, in the physical environmental domain the greatest physical activity occurs outside (Van Cauwenberghe et al, 2012;Pate et al, 2004) however the findings in the organizational domain show that the way an indoor environment is used has been shown to be related to physical activity (such as having a specific space for physical activity) (Sugiyama et al, 2011). Therefore to maximise opportunities for increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior, it is important for educators also to consider how they can most effectively use the inside environment for physical activity and reducing It is interesting to note that in the organizational domain, the actual period of time spent outside has no association with children's physical activity and in particular with children's MVPA (Dowda et al, 2009;Dowda et al, 2004).This is important for the ECEC sector as it appears to be the quality, rather than the quantity of the play time that is significant.…”

“…More than half the studies (56%) were conducted in the U.S. (n=15) (Pate et al, 2014;Stephens et al, 2014;Byun et al, 2013;Shen et al, 2013;Raustorp et al, 2012;Robinson et al, 2012;Nicaise et al, 2011;Dowda et al, 2009;Williams et al,. 2008;Pate et al, 2008;Bower et al, 2008;Dowda et al, 2004;Pate et al, 2004;Trost et al, 2003;McKenzie et al, 1992), with the remaining conducted in Canada (n=3) (Vanderloo et al, 2014;Vanderloo et al, 2013;Gagne & Harnois, 2013), Sweden (n=3) (Raustorp et al, 2012;Pagels et al, 2011;Boldemann et al, 2006;), Netherlands (n=2) (Gubbels et al, 2012;Gubbels et al, 2011), Belgium (n=2) (Van Cauwenberghe et al, 2012;Cardon et al, 2008), Denmark (n=2) (Olesen et al, 2013;Grontved et al, 2009), and Australia (n=1) (Sugiyama et al, 2011). One study collected data across countries -Sweden and the U.S (Raustorp et al, 2012).…”

“…One study collected data across countries -Sweden and the U.S (Raustorp et al, 2012). Physical activity and sedentary behaviors were assessed using accelerometers (n=17) (Pate et al, 2014;Stephens et al, 2014;Vanderloo et al, 2014;Byun et al, 2013;Gagne & Harnois, 2013;Olesen et al, 2013;Shen et al, 2013;Vanderloo et al, 2013;Raustorp et al, 2012;Van Cauwenberghe et al, 2012;Pagels et al, 2011;Sugiyama et al, 2011;Dowda et al, 2009;Grontved et al, 2009;Williams et al, 2008;Pate et al, 2004;Trost et al, 2003), direct observation (OSRAP (n=8) (Gubbels et al, 2012;Gubbels et al, 2011;Nicaise et al, 2011;Dowda et al, 2009;Pate et al, 2008;Bower et al, 2007;Dowda et al, 2004;Trost et al, 2003), BEACHES (n=1) (McKenzie et al, 1992), SOFIT (n=1) (Van Cauwenberghe et al, 2012)) and pedometers (n=4) (Robinson et al, 2012;Pagels et al, 2011;Cardon et al, 2008;Boldemann et al, 2006) . Five studies used multiple objective methods of measuring physical activity and sedentary behaviour (Van Cauwneberghe et al, 2012;Pagels et al, 2011;Dowda et al, 2009;Trost et al, 2003;McKenzie et al, 1992), for example OSRAP as well as accelerometers (Trost et al, 2003).…”

“…Five studies used multiple objective methods of measuring physical activity and sedentary behaviour (Van Cauwneberghe et al, 2012;Pagels et al, 2011;Dowda et al, 2009;Trost et al, 2003;McKenzie et al, 1992), for example OSRAP as well as accelerometers (Trost et al, 2003). Of the 27 studies included, most (74%) reported moderate-to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) (Pate et al, 2014;Stephens et al, 2014;Vanderloo et al, 2014;Olesen et al, 2013;Shen et al, 2013;Vanderloo et al, 2013;Raustorp et al, 2012;Van Cauwenberghe et al, 2012;Nicaise et al, 2011;Pagels et al, 2011;Sugiyama et al, 2011;Dowda et al, 2009;Grontved et al, 2009;Bower et al, 2008;Pate et al, 2008;Williams et al, 2008;Dowda et al, 2004;Pate et al, 2004;Trost et al, 2003;McKenzie et al, 1992), and many (56%) reported total physical activity (TPA) (Pate et al, 2014;Vanderloo et al, 2014;Gagne & Harnois, 2013;Vanderloo et al, 2013;Gubbels et al, 2012;Robinson et al, 2012;Gubbels et al, 2011;Pagels et al, 2011;Bower et al, 2008;Cardon et al, 2008;Pate et al, 2008;Boldemann et al, 2006;Trost et al, 2003;McKenzie et al, 1992). Sedentary behavior was reported in thirteen studies (48%) …”

Physical Activity in Children Attending Preschools

“…Correlates of children' s MVPA behavior specifically during preschool attendance have been identified in relation to a child' s total MVPA, [7][8][9][10] but also in relation to the outdoor 5,[11][12][13][14][15] and indoor 5 MVPA level, specifically. Whereas the overall quality of the preschool seems to be a consistent potential correlate of preschool children' s MVPA level during preschool time, 7,8,16 inconsistent results are reported for other preschool correlates, such as the size of the playground, regardless of testing the association in relation to the children' s total 7,9,10 or playground-specific MVPA level.…”