“…This frames what is expected of higher education, namely quality education designed to prepare competent students for a competitive workplace (Skelton, 2012;Laiho et al, 2020). In this perspective, researchers are observing a rise in standards linked to the quality of teaching (Ferman, 2002;Shaw, 2018) as well as a desire to professionalize higher education (Lueddeke, 2003;Skelton, 2012;Austin and Sorcinelli, 2013;Albero, 2015;Bailly et al, 2015;Shaw, 2018;Ödalen et al, 2019), justified in particular by a lack of initial teacher training (Ferman, 2002;Amundsen and Wilson, 2012;Leibowitz, 2014) and a lack of preparation for teaching (Steinert et al, 2006;Demougeot-Lebel and Perret, 2011a;Taylor and Znajda, 2015;Ménard et al, 2020). We also note that educational development can be presented as a political injunction, particularly in articles from the UK (King, 2004;Nicholls, 2005;Knight et al, 2006;Pickering, 2006).…”