Effet du genre sur le choix et le rejet des activités physiques et sportives en Éducation Physique et Sportive : une approche additive et différentielle du modèle de l'androgynie

Sport = Male… But Not All Sports: Investigating the Gender Stereotypes of Sport Activities at the Explicit and Implicit Levels

“…Contrary to our expectations, the gender-typing of sports obtained in our study was comparable to the previous classifications found among American and European samples (Csizma et al 1988;Fontayne et al 2002;Koivula 1995;Lentillon 2009), indicating that the gender stereotypes attached to sports are pervasive and similar across cultures. This result suggests that the policies of gender equalities deployed by governments (e.g., French Interdepartmental Committee of Women's Rights 2012) are not yet sufficient to change the masculine hegemony observed in the sport context.…”

“…Despite the efforts deployed by governments to improve an equal access for men and women to all sports, there are still strong disparities in activities traditionally gender-typed, and sport remains an object of strong gender stereotyping (Messner 2011). In numerous previous studies, sport is still presented as a male area, and most sports are typed as masculine, whereas few of them are conceived as feminine (Csizma et al 1988;Fontayne et al 2002;Koivula 1995;Matteo 1986). However, it is important to regularly update how various populations explicitly consider sport activities as appropriate for men and for women.…”

“…Following previous research (Fontayne et al 2002;Koivula 1995), activities were considered as feminine when they obtained a mean score lower than 3.5, as masculine when they obtained a mean score higher than 4.5, and as neutral otherwise. After internal consistency was verified through Cronbach alphas for all feminine (α = .68), neutral (α = .75), and masculine (α = .88) activities, we averaged the answers provided by the participants to create three scores (i.e., gender-typing of feminine, neutral, and masculine sports).…”

“…Indeed, it was advocated that gender-typing of sports should be reassessed on a regular basis because of the increase in female participation through the years (Hardin and Greer 2009). In addition, more recent studies concerned only a limited number of sports (Fontayne et al 2002;Hardin and Greer 2009). Moreover, this line of research can be enriched by an investigation on psychosocial correlates such as age.…”

“…More recent work extended this line of research to children (Riemer and Visio 2003) and included newly developed sports (e.g., snowboarding; Hardin and Greer 2009). In Europe, Koivula (1995) used the same procedure to investigate the gender appropriateness of sports among a sample of Swedish students, and another study was conducted with a French sample of 9th grade students (Fontayne et al 2002).…”