Effet de l?intensit� d?un stimulus gravitationnel induit artificiellement sur la croissance et la formation du bois de tension dans de jeunes pousses de peuplier (<i>Populus euramericana</i> cv ?Ghoy?)

Jourez, Benoît; Vaïanopoulos, Céline; Hebert, Jacques

doi:10.1051/forest:2003074

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 29 publications

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“…The G-layer has been studied extensively in poplar models (e.g. Jourez et al 2003, Clair et al 2006a, Fang et al 2007, Fang et al 2008a, Fang et al 2008b, Clair et al 2011, Yoshinaga et al 2012, Chang et al 2014, Coutand et al 2014, Abedini et al 2015, Chang et al 2015. The G-layer is described as being exempt from lignin (Pilate et al 2004, Yoshinaga et al 2012) and containing cellulose microfibrils nearly parallel to the fibres' axis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of the late lignification of the G-layer inSimaroubatension wood, to assist understanding how non-G-layer species produce tensile stress

Roussel

Clair

2015

Tree Physiol

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To recover verticality after disturbance, angiosperm trees produce 'tension wood' allowing them to bend actively. The driving force of the tension has been shown to take place in the G-layer, a specific unlignified layer of the cell wall observed in most temperate species. However, in tropical rain forests, the G-layer is often absent and the mechanism generating the forces to reorient trees remains unclear. A study was carried out on tilted seedlings, saplings and adult Simarouba amara Aubl. trees-a species known to not produce a G-layer. Microscopic observations were done on sections of normal and tension wood after staining or observed under UV light to assess the presence/absence of lignin. We showed that S. amara produces a cell-wall layer with all of the characteristics typical of G-layers, but that this G-layer can be observed only as a temporary stage of the cell-wall development because it is masked by a late lignification. Being thin and lignified, tension wood fibres cannot be distinguished from normal wood fibres in the mature wood of adult trees. These observations indicate that the mechanism generating the high tensile stress in tension wood is likely to be the same as that in species with a typical G-layer and also in species where the G-layer cannot be observed in mature cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of the late lignification of the G-layer inSimaroubatension wood, to assist understanding how non-G-layer species produce tensile stress

Roussel

Clair

2015

Tree Physiol

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Experimental study of the mechanical behaviour of thin slices of maturating green poplar wood using cyclic tensile tests

Pot¹,

Coutand²,

Cam³

et al. 2012

Wood Sci Technol

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International audienceIn this study, longitudinal cyclic tensile tests were performed on green wood samples of Populus cv I4551. Complex mechanical behaviour, such as permanent set in terms of displacement and strain-dependent stiffness, was found. A linear relationship between stiffness and strain enabled each sample to be characterized. A large-scale experimental campaign led to the observation of the evolution of temporal and spatial intra-ring mechanical behaviour of intra-ring sliced specimens during wood maturation and tree gravitropic response. The results showed that tension wood lamellas exhibit strain hardening behaviour whereas normal wood lamellas exhibit strain softening behaviour. Temporal variations in the strain hardening behaviour of tension wood lamellas occurred once cell wall deposition was achieved. Moreover, no correlation was found between infradensity and mechanical behaviour of lamellas. These results show that cells undergo temporal variations in their properties due to a complex maturation process

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End-use related physical and mechanical properties of selected fast-growing poplar hybrids (Populus trichocarpa × P. deltoides)

et al. 2007

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-This study focused on physical and mechanical properties of fast-growing poplar clones in relation to potential end uses with high added value. A total of 14 trees from three different clones, all P. trichocarpa × deltoides (T×D) hybrids, were felled in a poplar plantation in Lille (Belgium): six 'Beaupré', four 'Hazendans' and four 'Hoogvorst'. Growth rate was found to have no significant influence on the physical mechanical properties. Although the investigated clones are genetically closely related, important variations in physical and mechanical properties were observed. Specific features such as spatial distribution of tension wood and dimensional stability are the main quality factors. It was concluded that 'Beaupré' is suitable for a wide range of high value added applications, such as plywood or construction wood. 'Hazendans' and 'Hoogvorst' will need adapted technology in processing. Further research is needed to characterize clonally induced variation in properties and to assess adequate processing strategies for multiclonal poplar stands.Populus trichocarpa × P. deltoides / physical properties / mechanical properties / veneer / plywood Résumé -Propriétés physiques et mécaniques d'hybrides de peupliers à croissance rapide en fonction de l'aptitude à l'emploi. Cette étude porte sur les caractéristiques physiques et mécaniques du bois de clones de peupliers à croissance rapide, en fonction de l'aptitude à l'emploi. Quatorze arbres ont été étudiés, provenant d'une plantation de peuplier à Lille (Belgique), appartenant à trois hybrides différents de P. trichocarpa × deltoides, à savoir six "Beaupré", quatre "Hazendans" et quatre "Hoogvorst". Les caractéristiques de croissance n'ont pas affecté de manière significative les propriétés physiques et mécaniques. Bien que les clones étudiés soient génétiquement rapprochés, des variations importantes ont été constatées dans les propriétés physiques et mécaniques. Des caractéristiques spécifiques telles que la distribution spatiale du bois de tension et la stabilité dimensionnelle du bois sont des propriétés importantes affectant sur la qualité du produit final. On peut conclure que le bois de "Beaupré" est apte à la fabrication de panneaux contreplaqués et de bois de sciage. Une adaptation de la technologie de transformation sera nécessaire pour les clones 'Hazendans' et 'Hoogvorst'. Des recherches approfondies seront requises afin d'évaluer la variabilité induite par l'effet clonal ainsi que pour identifier des stratégies adaptées à la transformation du bois de peuplements multiclonaux.Populus trichocarpa × P. deltoides / bois de tension / bois de coeur / propriétés physico-mécanique / contreplaqué

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Effet de l?intensit� d?un stimulus gravitationnel induit artificiellement sur la croissance et la formation du bois de tension dans de jeunes pousses de peuplier (Populus euramericana cv ?Ghoy?)

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Evidence of the late lignification of the G-layer inSimaroubatension wood, to assist understanding how non-G-layer species produce tensile stress

Evidence of the late lignification of the G-layer inSimaroubatension wood, to assist understanding how non-G-layer species produce tensile stress

Experimental study of the mechanical behaviour of thin slices of maturating green poplar wood using cyclic tensile tests

End-use related physical and mechanical properties of selected fast-growing poplar hybrids (Populus trichocarpa × P. deltoides)

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